<p>Quakers Friars is a historic building in Broadmead, Bristol, England.</p><br>
<p>The site is the remains of a Dominican friary, Blackfriars that was established by Maurice de Gaunt, c. 1227.</p><br>
<p>Llywelyn ap Dafydd the eldest son and heir of Dafydd ap Gruffudd (Prince of Wales 1282-1283) was buried here in 1287. He had died while imprisoned at nearby Bristol Castle where he had been confined since 1283.</p><br>
<p>The friends meeting house was built in 1747-49 by George Tully, with detailing by Thomas Paty, as a Quaker meeting house and was recently used as a register office. It has been renovated as part of the Cabot Circus development, and now houses a Brasserie Blanc. It has been designated by Historic England as a grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>William Penn was married, 1696, in an earlier building on the site.</p><br>
<p>It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.</p><br>
<p>The Frankfort Cemetery is located on East Main Street in Frankfort, Kentucky. The cemetery is the supposed burial site of Daniel Boone and contains the graves of other famous Americans including seventeen Kentucky governors and a Vice President of the United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was created by Judge Mason Brown, son of statesman John Brown, inspired by a visit to Mount Auburn Cemetery in Boston.</p><br>
<p>Brown enlisted other Frankfort civic leaders and on February 27, 1844 the Kentucky General Assembly approved the cemeterys incorporation. The 32 acre property, then called Hunters Garden, was purchased in 1845 for $3,801. Additional land was purchased in 1858 and in 1911 for a total of 100 acres.</p><br>
<p>Brown hired Scottish-born landscape architect Robert Carmichael to design the cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery is designed in a style similar to Mount Auburn, with curving lanes, terraces and a circle of vaults. Carmichael imported flowers from around the state, intending the cemetery to double as an arboretum in a time when residents could not easily travel to see mountain flowers not native to the region. A central feature is the State Mound, featuring a Kentucky War Memorial designed by Robert E. Launitz.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery has views of the Kentucky River, which forms its western boundary. A bluff overlooking the river gives a view of downtown, south Frankfort, and the Capitol District.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>The most visited resting place in this cemetery is pioneer Daniel Boone. The cemetery contains the graves of seventeen Governors of the Commonwealth. Some notable interments include:</p><br>
<p>William T. Barry, USA Senator and United States Postmaster General</p><br>
<p>George M. Bibb, USA Senator and United States Secretary of the Treasury</p><br>
<p>John Brown, lawyer, statesman (Natural Causes)</p><br>
<p>Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr., USA Army General, World War II</p><br>
<p>Henry Clay, Jr., soldier and statesman</p><br>
<p>George Bibb Crittenden, Confederate Army General</p><br>
<p>Thomas Leonidas Crittenden, Union Army General</p><br>
<p>John Milton Elliott judge, murdered</p><br>
<p>Martin Davis Hardin, politician</p><br>
<p>Joel Tanner Hart, sculptor</p><br>
<p>Miss Elizabeth, professional wrestling manager</p><br>
<p>Willard Rouse Jillson, Kentucky historian, geologist</p><br>
<p>Richard Mentor Johnson, ninth Vice President of the United States</p><br>
<p>William Lindsay, USA Senator</p><br>
<p>Humphrey Marshall, USA and Confederate States Congressman, Confederate States Army General</p><br>
<p>Presley O&#39;Bannon, USA Marine credited as first to raise the American flag over foreign soil in 1805 at the Battle of Derna.</p><br>
<p>Theodore O&#39;Hara, poet, newspaperman, soldier</p><br>
<p>Thomas H. Paynter, USA Senator</p><br>
<p>Paul Sawyier, Kentucky artist</p><br>
<p>Solomon P. Sharp, Attorney General of Kentucky murdered in the Beauchamp–Sharp Tragedy</p><br>
<p>Daniel Swigert, Thoroughbred racehorse breeder, owner of Elmendorf Farm</p><br>
<p>Isham Talbot, USA Senator</p><br>
<p>Thomas Todd, USA Supreme Court Associate justice</p><br>
<p>John White, politician, Speaker of the USA House of Representatives (Unknown)</p><br>
<p>Lucy Pattie, the only female member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity</p><br>
<p>Henry Crist, early Kentucky pioneer, member of Kentucky Legislature and USA Congress.</p><br>
<p>John Adair</p><br>
<p>J. C. W. Beckham</p><br>
<p>Luke P. Blackburn</p><br>
<p>William O&#39;Connell Bradley</p><br>
<p>Simon Bolivar Buckner, Sr.</p><br>
<p>John J. Crittenden</p><br>
<p>William Goebel</p><br>
<p>Christopher Greenup</p><br>
<p>Robert P. Letcher</p><br>
<p>George Madison</p><br>
<p>Charles S. Morehead</p><br>
<p>James T. Morehead</p><br>
<p>Edwin P. Morrow</p><br>
<p>Charles Scott</p><br>
<p>Augustus O. Stanley</p><br>
<p>Lawrence Wetherby</p><br>
<p>Simeon Willis</p><br>
<p>Cleeve Toot is an Iron Age univallate hillfort above Goblin Combe, Cleeve, Somerset, England. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.</p><br>
<p>It is a roughly oval settlement which is approximately 125 m in length by 90 m in breadth. Approximately 150 m to the north is another, smaller settlement. They are thought to have been a satellite community of nearby Cadbury Hill</p><br>
<p>Pits have been found at the site indicating the presence of round houses. There is a single stone rampart with a broad shallow outer ditch. There is also a prehistoric or Roman field system.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn&#39;t see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".</p><br>
<p>The Gulf of Valencia , is a gulf or inlet of the western Mediterranean Sea, on the eastern coast of Spain. Its limits are the Cap de la Nau headland in the south, while the northern limit is diffuse: for some it is the Cape of Vinaròs; and for others it is the Ebre Delta. When the Cape of Vinaròs is used the Gulf of Valencia&#39;s coast is entirely within the Valencian Community. When the Ebre Delta is used its northern coast is within southern Catalonia.</p><br>
<p>The tiny Columbretes islets are located in the gulf. The Gulf of Valencia is bisected by the Prime Meridian.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The coast along the Gulf of Valencia is typically a sandy plain with beaches. The distinctive shoreline features in this region are the coastal marshes, with the Albufera estuary an example. It is a Ramsar Convention listed wetland of importance.</p><br>
<p>The gulf area is among the finest examples of the Mediterranean climate in Spain. The coast along the Gulf of Valencia is densely populated, with one of the highest population densities in Spain.</p><br>
<h3>Uses</h3><br>
<p>Adjacent are low and fertile lands, with rice and especially citrus trees producing oranges and lemons, as the dominant crops.</p><br>
<p>ln May 2011 the energy firm Cairn Energy obtained licenses to explore for oil and operate drilling rigs and oil platforms in 4,000 km&sup2; in the Gulf of Valencia from the Spanish government. There are environmental concerns about offshore drilling here.</p><br>
<p>The Webster Telephone Exchange Building is located at 2213 Lake Street in North Omaha, Nebraska. It was designed by the well-known Omaha architect Thomas Rogers Kimball. After the Easter Sunday Tornado of 1913, the building was used as the center of recovery operations. In 1933, American Bell donated the building to the Omaha Urban League .</p><br>
<p>The 33-room building is closely associated with Omahas black history, serving as a home to Omahas Urban League and its leader Whitney Young. In 1976 it was converted for use as the Great Plains Black History Museum. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 and also designated a landmark by the City of Omaha.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Webster Telephone Exchange building was built in 1906. It is a modified Tudor-style building designed by the famed architect Thomas Kimball for the Nebraska Telephone Company. The building was a central headquarters for recovery operations after the Easter Sunday Tornado of 1913. Telephone operators stayed at their stations during the tornado, and despite shards of glass and reports of mass calamity, continued service immediately afterwards. Victims from the nearby central business district of Near North Omaha were brought to the building, as well.</p><br>
<p>In 1933 the phone company donated the building to the Omaha chapter of the Urban League for use as the Mid-City Community Center. Serving the Near North Side neighborhood, the community center had a library, nursery, dental and medical clinics, and classrooms. The future national civil rights leader Whitney Young kept his offices there in the 1940s. The center was moved in 1956, after which the building was converted to apartments. During the 1960s it was used as the headquarters of Great Omaha Community Action. The building was purchased for use as a museum dedicated to the history of African Americans in 1975 by James T. and Bertha W. Calloway. Shortly after, the family donated the building to the newly organized Great Plains Black History Museum.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, in recognition of its architectural and historic significance. It was closed to the public in 2004 due to the need to replace the 100-year-old roof and other needed improvements. Reorganized with a new board, the museum is exploring ways to stage exhibits at other venues outside the facility and in the spring of 2011 started community meetings on its future.</p><br>
<p>The Grapevine Canyon Petroglyphs are located in Grapevine Canyon on Spirit Mountain near Laughlin, Nevada, and are listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places. The area is also known as Christmas Tree Pass. While the petroglyphs extend through the canyon, a significant concentration lies at the entrance to the canyon which is at an elevation of 2,395 ft. The area features over 700 petroglyphs and many rock shelters.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The glyphs were created between 1100 and 1900 AD. Both the meaning of the glyphs and their creators remains unclear although the area was inhabited by the Mojave.</p><br>
<p>The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 15, 1984. Mapping of the estimated 250 panels of glyphs was conducted in 2009.</p><br>
<p>In March 2010, David R. Smith, accompanied by two other individuals, defaced 30 areas of petroglyphs by shooting them with an automatic paintball gun. He was sentenced to serve time in federal prison and pay almost $10,000 in restitution.</p><br>
<h2>Grapevine Canyon</h2><br>
<p>The canyon itself is located in the Bridge Canyon Wilderness Area and the Spirit Mountain Wilderness as well as partially being in the Lake Mead National Recreation Area.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>The Redwood Library and Athenaeum is a private subscription library at 50 Bellevue Avenue, Newport, Rhode Island, founded in 1747. It is the oldest community library still occupying its original building in the United States. Its original building was designed by Peter Harrison and built in 1750, and is a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original section of the building was constructed in 1750 by architect Peter Harrison. Only the Library Company of Philadelphia is older, founded in 1731 by Benjamin Franklin. The Redwood Library and Athenaeum predates the Charleston Library Society (founded in 1748), New York Society Library (founded in 1754), and the Boston Athenaeum (founded in 1807).</p><br>
<p>It was the first classical public building built in America, designed in the manner of Italian Renaissance Architect Andrea Palladio, in the Georgian-Palladian style. The main facade facing Bellevue avenue is based upon a plate in Edward Hoppus Andrea Palladios Architecture published in 1735. The oldest section, today called the Harrison Room, still houses the majority of the original books that were purchased as a collection in London. Occupying British troops allegedly looted numerous books (many of which were later returned) prior to the Battle of Rhode Island during the American Revolution.</p><br>
<p>In 1932, historian and architect Norman Isham restored the eighteenth century Harrison room to what he concluded was its original appearance. The Library&#39;s modern collection now includes more than 160,000 volumes as well as a museum collection of art and artifacts. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1966.</p><br>
<p>Ezra Stiles was one of the most prominent librarians at the Library, the influential founder of Brown University and later president of Yale University.</p><br>
<p>The ceiling of the library collapsed in 2003 and extensive renovations took place.</p><br>
<p>The Hanover Tavern in Hanover Courthouse, Virginia and Hanover County, Virginia, is one of the oldest taverns in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first tavern was licensed at the site beginning in 1733. Hanover Tavern has been serving county courthouse users, residents, travelers, and stagecoach passengers ever since. Court would convene once per month, with judges and patrons travelling long distances to conduct business. Travelers needed an inn to provide meeting space, food, drink, and overnight stay as well as stables and food for the teams, horses, and mules.</p><br>
<p>The Hanover County Courthouse is an operating courthouse, the third oldest still in use in the United States. Located along what is now historic USA Route 301, its site was adjacent to the original Shelton Tavern. Hanover County’s greatest native son, Patrick Henry, married Sarah Shelton, the daughter of John & Eleanor Parks Shelton, the owners of the Tavern from 1750–1764. Henry assisted his father-in-law by greeting and serving guests, tending bar, and entertaining with his fiddle playing and warm personality. Working at the tavern exposed Henry to the legal world and in April 1760 at the age of 24, he obtained a license to practice law.</p><br>
<p>Patrick Henry’s great oratory skills and patriotic fervor were first recognized on December 1, 1763, when he delivered an impassioned speech during the damages phase of the Parson’s Cause case. Across the street at Hanover Courthouse, he was the first to publicly challenge the authority of the King and question the true motives of the clergy representing the Church of England. This was one of the first signs of the revolutionary spirit growing in America.</p><br>
<p>During the Revolutionary War, French officers Marquis de Lafayette, Marquis de Chastellux, and Rochambeau all enjoyed the hospitality of Tavern owner Paul Thilman. Chastellux referred to the tavern as a “Tolerable handsome inn, with a large salon and covered portico”. In his diary, General George Washington twice refers to dining and lodging at Hanover Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>The Civil War turned the Tavern into a home for refugees, fleeing the Union Army. Two such boarders were Margaret Wight and her husband John. While living at the Tavern, Margaret kept a diary, reporting on such things as news of the war, worries about her children, occurrences at the Tavern, and the price of food and clothing. In the opening paragraph of the diary, Margaret refers to the war as “this most unhappy contest, which is now at its height, between the two sections of our once happy country”.</p><br>
<p>In 1800, seven slaves from Hanover Tavern took part in the planning of a failed slave insurrection known as Gabriel’s Rebellion. Over the years, celebrated guests such as Chief Justice John Marshall, Edgar Allan Poe, P. T. Barnum, Charles Dickens, Union General Fitz John Porter, and Confederate generals J.E.B. Stuart and Wade Hampton visited this roadside fixture on the corridor between Richmond and Fredericksburg.</p><br>
<p>The present tavern building, restored by the Hanover Tavern Foundation, dates from 1791 with early 19th century and late 20th century additions and is listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places. The original 1733 tavern building, having fallen into disrepair, was torn down after the construction of the 1822 section. By 1953, the tavern building was well-worn and possibly on its last legs. A group of young actors from New York bought the building and 3.5 acres with the intention of starting a dinner theater. They repaired the building to operate as their home and business, actually beginning the preservation of the old structure. The tavern was adapted as the first dinner theatre in America; Barksdale Theatre. It was the first performing arts organization in Virginia to seat integrated audiences. Barksdale Theatre merged with Theatre IV in 2012 to become. Virginia Repertory Theatre still performs regularly at the Tavern, with dining options provided by the Hanover Tavern Restaurant & Pub, open for lunch and dinner Tuesday through Sunday.</p><br>
<p>In 1990, the non-profit Hanover Tavern Foundation bought the Tavern and 3.5 acres from the Barksdale Theatre owners and began to raise the needed money to stabilize and restore the aging building. The Foundation&#39;s goal was to restore, preserve and utilize the Tavern as an historical, educational, community and cultural resource center for the general public. The Foundation raised over $5 million, stabilizing and restoring the historic building, added a wing for restrooms, a restaurant quality kitchen, new mechanical systems, and refurbished the theater. After successful fundraising campaigns and completion of the restoration, the building reopened to the public in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Tavern has been a vibrant center of community life at Hanover Courthouse for almost three hundred years. It remains a community centerpiece through the Foundation&#39;s continuing efforts to preserve the building and share its past history.</p><br>
<p>Today, this cultural site offers student field trips, educational history programs, historical exhibits, heritage musical events, lecture series, and family-oriented special events like Hanover AutumnFest & 5K as well as a full service restaurant and pub, meeting, wedding, party, and events space, and Virginia Repertory Theatre performances in a modern 150 seat theater.</p><br>
<p>The Lost City Museum, formerly known as the Boulder Dam Park Museum, was built by the CCC conservation corps in 1935 and was operated by the National Park Service to exhibit artifacts from the Pueblo Grande de Nevada archaeological sites. The museum is located in Overton, Nevada and is one of seven managed by the Nevada Division of Museums and History, an agency of the Nevada Department of Tourism and Cultural Affairs.</p><br>
<p>The Lost City Museum shares its location with an actual prehistoric site of the Puebloan Indians. In 1981 an extension of the museum was built incorporating some ruins in order to protect them and share them with the public. The museum has displays depicting the excavations of the sites, incredible artifacts unearthed during the project, pictures of the historical excavations, an excavated pithouse and reconstructions of the Puebloan houses. Pottery, shells, jewelry and many other examples that showcase the history of the early inhabitants are on display at this unique museum.</p><br>
<p>The museum offers a reconstructed Puebloan house-site that is open to visitors.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The museum was established as a place to house and show the artifacts from Pueblo Grande de Nevada which was going to be partially covered by the waters of Lake Mead as a result of building the Hoover Dam.</p><br>
<p>Anahim Peak, sometimes mistakenly called Anaheim, is a volcanic cone in the Anahim Volcanic Belt in British Columbia, Canada, located 39 km northwest of Anahim Lake and 11 km east of Tsitsutl Peak. It was formed when the North American Plate moved over a hotspot, similar to the one feeding the Hawaiian Islands, called the Anahim hotspot. It is one of the several volcanoes in the Anahim Volcanic Belt that stands out all by itself, rising from the Chilcotin Plateau, between the Rainbow Range and the Ilgachuz Range and near the headwaters of the Dean River.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The Carrier (Dakelh) name for Anahim Peak is Bes Buta, meaning "obsidian peak&quot the word bes occurs in local English as "beece", another word for obsidian and also an early designation for this mountain, although todays Beece Creek is not nearby but rather near Taseko Mountain some distance to the southeast. The name Anahim is that of Chief Anahim, a leader of the Tsilhqot&#39;in people in the mid-19th Century.</p><br>
<h2>Area and history</h2><br>
<p>Anahim Peak was a significant source of obsidian for the Nuxalk, Tsilhqot&#39;in, and Dakelh peoples. Obsidian was seriously needed, because extremely sharp arrowheads and cutting knives could be made from it. It was also used for jewellery. Anahim obsidian was traded widely all over the BC Interior and up and down the Coast from Bella Coola. Red ochre was used in paint and decoration was also taken from this area. Anahim Peak is not far from the small community of Anahim Lake.</p><br>
<p>The Gallatin Range is a mountain range of the Rocky Mountains, located in the USA states of Montana and Wyoming. It includes more than 10 mountains over 10,000 ft. The highest peak in the range is Electric Peak at 10,969 ft.</p><br>
<p>The Gallatin Range was named after Albert Gallatin, the longest-serving US Secretary of the Treasury and one of the negotiators of the Alaska Boundary Treaty. The range extends 75 mi north to south and averages 20 mi in width.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The southernmost peaks of the range are in the northwestern section of Yellowstone National Park, however the majority of the range is in Gallatin National Forest. The Yellowstone River flows north on the eastern flank of the range. The Madison Range parallels the Gallatins to the west. The northern end of the range is near Livingston, Montana and Bozeman Pass separates the Gallatins from the Bridger Mountains to the north.</p><br>
<p>The range is an integral part of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and has grizzly bears, wolves and other threatened and endangered species also found in Yellowstone National Park.</p><br>
<h3>Gallatin Petrified Forest</h3><br>
<p>Within the Gallatin Range, the Gallatin Petrified Forest is one of the largest petrified forests of the Eocene Epoch. The petrified wood that comprise it consist of the mineralized fossils of a mixture of transported logs and in place (in situ) wooden tree trunks rooted. The in place tree trunks are rooted in moderately developed fossil soils, (paleosols). The petrified logs, stumps, and trunks found in the Gallatin Range were buried by volcanic lahars. The lahar deposits sometimes have been reworked and redeposited by small streams. These sediments accumulated approximately 50 million year ago. The USA Forest Service has a 2 mile (3.2 km) long interpretive trail which details the petrified trees.</p><br>
<p>In regard to these fossil forests and other fossils, collecting of fossils in Yellowstone National Park is illegal. In addition, visitors should stay on marked and maintained trails.</p><br>
<p>The Denver City Cable Railway Building on Lawrence Street in Denver, Colorado, opened in 1889. Originally built to house power and maintenance facilities for Denver&#39;s cable car system, it now houses a restaurant and office space. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The current owner is Jim Judd.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>1970s</h3><br>
<p>The building was bought by Jim Judd and a partner in 1972 in the hopes of saving the building from being torn down in an urban renewal project. In 1973, the Old Spaghetti Factory opened on the first floor.</p><br>
<h3>2000s</h3><br>
<p>In March 2007, the sale of the building from Mr. Judd to Central Development was announced. Central Development plans a $35 million hotel and retail project that will include the current building. Designed by the Buchanan Yonushewski Group the new hotel will have a glass facade and will wrap around the current building.</p><br>
<p>The Slovak Central Mountains  are a group of mountain ranges in southern central Slovakia. The town of Zvolen lies roughly in the centre of the mountains.</p><br>
<p>The Slovak Central Mountains are a part of the Inner Western Carpathians. They are bordered by the Fatra-Tatra Area to the northwest and north, Slovak Ore Mountains (Slovenské rudohorie) to the east, Southern Slovak Basin (Juhoslovenská kotlina) to the south and by the Pannonian Plain to the southwest.</p><br>
<p>The Slovak Central Mountains are divided into the following subdivisions:</p><br>
<p>*Vtacnik Mountains</p><br>
<p>*Pohronský Inovec</p><br>
<p>*Štiavnica Mountains</p><br>
<p>*Kremnica Mountains</p><br>
<p>*Poľana</p><br>
<p>*Ostrôžky</p><br>
<p>*Javorie</p><br>
<p>*Krupina Plain</p><br>
<p>*Zvolen Basin</p><br>
<p>*Pliešovce Basin (Pliešovská kotlina)</p><br>
<p>*Žiar Basin</p><br>
<p>The highest mountain is Poľana at 1,458 m.</p><br>
<p>Peleaga  is a mountain in Romania. It is the highest point in the Retezat Mountains with a summit elevation of 2,509 metres above sea level. Peleaga is located in the Romanian county of Hunedoara and lies within the region of Romania known as Transylvania.</p><br>
<p>In addition to its highest peak Peleaga, the Retezat Mountains, part of the Southern Carpathians, are home to some of the highest massifs in Romania. Other important peaks in the range are Păpuşa (Varful Păpuşa) and Retezat Peak (Vârful Retezat). The Retezat Mountains have many glacial lakes, including the largest one in Romania, Bucura Lake (lacul Bucura), which covers 8.9 ha and is situated at an elevation of 2,030 metres. The area also contains the Retezat National Park, Romania&#39;s first national park.</p><br>
<p>Parâng Mountains are one of the highest mountain ridges in Romania and Southern Carpathians, with its highest peak Parângu Mare reaching 2,519 m.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Parâng mountains are located in the south-western part of the Central-Meridional Carpathians. They are the tallest mountains from the local Parang-Cindrel mountain group and the second largest mountains in the Romanian Carpathians after the Făgăraș Mountains.</p><br>
<p>They are situated between the Șureanu Mountains (north), Latoritei Mountains (north-east), Căpățânii Mountains (east), Vâlcan mountains (west) and the Petroşani Depression in the north-west.</p><br>
<p>Located south and east of the city of Petroşani, the Parâng Mountains form the eastern barrier of the Jiu Valley (a plateau 100 kilometers long from east to west and 70-80 kilometers wide from north to south).</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Parang Mountains consist predominantly of crystalline rocks, peripherally covered with patches of sediments from the Paleozoic, Mesozoic (massive limestone, conglomerates) and Cenozoic eras, mixed with large areas of granite outcrops.</p><br>
<p>On the southern slope, sedimentary rocks from the Mesozoic era can be found, more exactly massive limestone from the Jurassic period. The newest rocks are found on the southern frame of the mountains and in the north-west, where it is bordered by the Petrosani Depression.</p><br>
<p>The nature of the rocks favored the emergence of bulk, rounded ridges, separated by deep valleys. The mountains present an overall asymmetry, with the northern front more steepen, with short ridges, while the southern facade is less inclined and with longer ridge. Especially in the southern part, the slopes are composed of several steps.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<h3>Temperatures</h3><br>
<p>The general layout of the main ridge on a west-east axis and its altitudes of over 2000m makes the Parang mountains an orographic dam in the way of the air masses that flow on the north to north-west and south to south-west directions.</p><br>
<p>Also, the asymmetry of the main ridge, with the steep side to the north, leads to the receiving of different amounts of heat and moisture, more on the southern side. The sun shines approximately 1800–2000 hours/year, the highest temperatures being recorded in July and August. The average annual temperature is 6 °C at the bottom of the mountain and 0 °C at altitudes around 1800m. Above 2000m, the average temperature is below 0 °C. The difference between the recorded average temperatures of the southern and northern slopes is around 1-2 °C.</p><br>
<h3>Precipitations</h3><br>
<p>The average annual rainfall is between 900 and 1200mm. The most abundant rainfall is recorded around the altitude of 1600m to 1800m. June is the month with the highest precipitations, 110mm at the bottom of the mountain and 160mm at altitudes over 1500m.</p><br>
<p>It snows on average 90 days per year above the altitude of 1500m. The first snow comes during the first half of October, while the last one during the first half of May (above 1500m) or late April at lower altitudes. At high altitudes the snow is present on average for 200 days each year. The thickness of the snow layer depends on the weather conditions, the exposure of the slopes to the winds, exposure to the sun, snowfall etc. At over 1500m, the average thickness is greater than 1m.</p><br>
<h3>Wind</h3><br>
<p>The wind intensity is high all around the year. Above 2000m, the westers winds are dominant, while below this threshold, the wind direction and intensity are influenced by the mountain relief. Above 2000m, the average wind speed is 8–10 m/s. During the cold season, the wind speed may reach 15 m/s and above on some ridges.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>In close connection with the relief characteristics of the Parang mountains, the vegetation is clearly shaped into 3 layers. The first layer is the broadleaf forest, which starts from the bottom of the mountains and goes as high as 1200m (northern slope) and 1400m (southern slope). They are made up of pedunculate oak, european hornbeam, silver birch and, the most common, but mostly spread on the souther slope, the European beech.</p><br>
<p>The second layer mostly extended on the northern and western slopes, between 1000m and 1750m, and is composed of norway spruce forests and, locally, european silver fir. In the Parang mountains, the tree line is situated between 1600m and 1800m.</p><br>
<p>Above this limit are located the subalpine and Alpine grasslands. The vegetation here is made up of krummholz trees, such as swiss pine, european larch, mountain pine and net-leaved willow, but also mountain cranberry, green alder and bilberry.</p><br>
<p>Also common are grass family members, such as bentgrass, tufted fescue and highland rush. On limestone rich areas, edelweiss can be found.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>The southern Charpatians fauna is characteristic also to the Parang mountains. Among mammals, the grey wolf, fox, wild boar, brown bear, eurasian lynx and red deer can be found.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>Storskrymten is a 1,985 m tall mountain in Norway. The top of the mountain is a tripoint for three counties and three municipalities: Oppdal Municipality , Sunndal Municipality , and Lesja Municipality . The nearest urban areas are the village of Sunndalsøra which is located about 42 km to the northwest and Dombås which is located about 32 km to the south.</p><br>
<p>It is the highest mountain in all of Sør-Trøndelag county. Less than 2 km east of Storskrymten is the mountain Litlskrymten which means "the little Skrymt". It is located within the Dovrefjell–Sunndalsfjella National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The first element is stor which means "big" and the last element is the finite form of skrymt which means "uncanny thing", "fright", or "scare" (the hillsides of the mountain are extremely steep).</p><br>
<p>Merchant&#39;s Hope was the name of a plantation and church established in the Virginia Colony in the 17th century. It was also the name of an English sailing ship, Merchant’s Hope, which plied the Atlantic bringing emigrants to Virginia in the early 17th-century. The Merchant&#39;s Hope was owned by a man named William Barker who was a wealthy English merchant and mariner who patented land in Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Merchant's Hope Plantation</h2><br>
<p>Merchants Hope Plantation was located west of Flowerdew Hundred on the south shore of the James River near the mouth of Powells Creek in a portion of Charles City County which was divided to form Prince George County in 1703. It was located on the former site of Powellbrooke Plantation, whose owner Captain Nathaniel Powell (one of the original 1607 colonists), his wife, and ten others were killed during the Indian Massacre of 1622.</p><br>
<p>Merchant&#39;s Hope Plantation was patented in 1638 by William Barker, Richard Quiney, and John Sadler, merchants of London. Ownership of the plantation passed to Nathaniel Harrison in 1720.</p><br>
<p>The 4,200 acre (17 square kilometers) James River National Wildlife Refuge now encompasses much of the land that was Merchant&#39;s Hope Plantation during the 17th century.</p><br>
<h2>Merchant's Hope Church</h2><br>
<p>Merchants Hope Church was established in 1657, and the current sanctuary was completed in 1743. Even though the church has undergone renovation and restoration, it is virtually the same structure today as it was when it was built over 250 years ago. In the 21st century, members of Merchant&#39;s Hope Episcopal Church still meet in the mid-18th century structure, which is among the oldest Protestant churches in America still used as a house of worship</p><br>
<p>The church is listed in the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Dating</p><br>
<p>The church has long been dated by local tradition and a date reputedly carved on one of the roof trusses to 1657, Upton ascribes a date of circa 1725, but recent dendrochronological studies of the roof truss timbers showed that they date to circa 1743.</p><br>
<p>The church was primarily part of Martin’s Brandon Parish as both an upper and lower church. It is located on the Old River Road that preceded the present Route 10 connecting Suffolk with Hopewell. The parish affiliation changed as parishes were reorganized during the colonial period. The record is somewhat confusing, and recent dating of 1743 tends to change the parish affiliation of this particular building dramatically:</p><br>
<p>1618: Martin’s Brandon Parish was originally a plantation parish that derived its name from nearby Brandon Plantation. It was united with Prince George’s Parish at that time.</p><br>
<p>1639-1640: The church’s "Great Bible" was published in London</p><br>
<p>There is indirect evidence of an active parish and, therefore some kind of church edifice, in 1665 and 1675.</p><br>
<p>1676: Nathaniel Bacon of Henrico and many other outraged settlers met at Merchants Hope Church where they signed petitions to Governor Sir William Berkeley demanding help against attacks by the Native Americans. Berkeley who was engaged in the fur trade with the Native Americans dismissed their petitions leaving Bacon and 211 volunteers to take matters into their own hands which resulted in Bacons Rebellion.</p><br>
<p>1655–1688 – 1720: Martin’s Brandon Parish was made independent of, absorbed by, and again made independent of Westover Parish, immediately north of the James River.</p><br>
<p>1655-1688: The parish was referred to as Jordan&#39;s Parish.</p><br>
<p>1688: Is mentioned as a chapel of ease for Westover Church.</p><br>
<p>1702: Prince George County formed from the portion of Charles City County lying South of the James River.</p><br>
<p>1720: Is mentioned as the upper chapel of Martin’s Brandon Parish.</p><br>
<p>1743: Current sanctuary constructed</p><br>
<p>1857: Was separated from Martin’s Brandon Parish, current communion silver dedicated.</p><br>
<p>1865: Used as a cavalry picket post by Union Soldiers during the Civil War, most interior furnishings destroyed.</p><br>
<p>1870: Restoration with interior furnishings reflecting the late 19th-century Victorian influence completed circa 1869/1870</p><br>
<p>1968: Listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register</p><br>
<p>1969: Listed on the National Register of Historic Places</p><br>
<p>1974: Restoration of the interior to its mid 18th-century appearance completed.</p><br>
<p>1990: Modern parish house constructed</p><br>
<p>Name</p><br>
<p>The vernacular name Merchant’s Hope for the present church is derived from the nearby plantation of the same name. The linking of the church to a sailing bark called Merchant’s Hope has no validity. The ship and church derived their names from the plantation.</p><br>
<p>Architecture</p><br>
<p>Brickwork</p><br>
<p>This church is the outstanding example of the brick, rectangular room church in the state of Virginia.</p><br>
<p>It is 60 x as measured on the inside. In colonial contracts for churches this was referred to as “in the clear.” It consists of 22+1/2 in walls of solid brick two-and-a-half bricks thick with English bond below the water table five bricks high and Flemish bond above the water table. The transition from the water table to the walls contains a row of beveled bricks. Glazed headers are used throughout the building, and there is a row of glazed headers along the barge boards. Unlike most churches of the early eighteenth century, there is almost no serious reconstruction in the walls. Rubbed brick including queen closers are present in the doorways, the window trim, and at all four corners of the building.</p><br>
<p>Doors</p><br>
<p>The main entrance&#39;s pediment (west entrance) is of the most simple character; it consists of a compass heading with simple wood panels on the doors which may be of colonial manufacture. The brickwork surrounding the door is an understated pediment with no pilasters, pillars embedded in a wall. Its only decoration consists of rubbed brick accentuated by queen closers and an arch of flat bricks. The door itself is embellished by a wooden lunette, here a half-circle, and its two, center-opening doors have a small horizontal panel over two large vertical panels. The door’s wooden trim contains curved cyma reversa, a reversed S-shaped molding, pieces separating three panes. Wooden pegs are used in both the doors and windows. H-L hinges are used throughout the building.</p><br>
<p>The south door is identical in detail with the exception that it is a shorter, rectangular opening in the chancel end of the church with a flat arch at the top.</p><br>
<p>Upton comments that “the doorways were comparable in size and visual emphasis to the windows, rather than inconspicuous.” and that all Virginia brick churches lacking an elaborate pediment have similar doors with a compass head in the west end and a flat head on the south wall.</p><br>
<p>Windows</p><br>
<p>Merchant’s Hope has the best preserved compass windows of surviving colonial churches and displays the eventual style of chancel windows universal in eighteenth century Virginia churches. Although they show systematic repairs, they are “very old” and “surely colonial”. They consist of identically sized windows on the north, east, and south walls. There are four windows on the north, two in the east, and three on the south. The vestry door is directly opposite the north-eastern window. On the west wall above the door is a small compass window. The brick embellishment is the same as the west doorway with rubbed brick, queen closers, and a curved arch. They have two vertical sections made up of 24 over 16 panes. They are true guillotine windows with no counterweights. The wood work on the windows, like the west doorway, is a reverse S-curve, and the muntins are one inch thick. The bottoms consist of wooden sills with a row of beveled bricks below them in oarlock orientation.</p><br>
<p>Interior</p><br>
<p>The interior was gutted during the Civil War when the church was reputedly used as a cavalry picket station by the Union army, although there was no damage to the doors, windows, or gallery. It was reconstructed and now resembles the general room church configuration with the exception that the T-shaped aisle has been altered to an L-shaped one with the top of the L at the west door and the stem at the south. The chancel has a communion rail while the reconstructed pews are similar to those of Vauters Church, single row box pews with a door on the aisle end. The pulpit is just south-west of the chancel although it was originally near the middle of the south wall. The west gallery still had an original stairway and rail with asymmetrical balusters characteristic of the early eighteenth century. On the east wall is a communion table centered between the windows and tablets of obligatory scripts: from left to right, the Lord’s Prayer, the Ten Commandments (Exodus XX), and the Apostles Creed. Most notably lacking is the display of a cross: no Anglican Virginia church displayed a cross or other iconography during the colonial period.</p><br>
<p>Floor</p><br>
<p>The floor reputedly contains original 18” square flagstones or Portland stone. According to rather dubious evidence, there is a crown mark on the underside of the tiles identifying them as having English origin. An architectural problem with the floor is that the present level is too low for the doorways. Either the door openings as well as the doors were larger or the floor was higher. The present structure of a high door step combined with a low floor is most unlikely to be an original construction characteristic.</p><br>
<p>Roof / Ceiling</p><br>
<p>The most prominent feature of the exterior roof is the pronounced kick of the eaves, also seen at Blandford, which flattens them, giving the church a distinctive look. Of course, the present asphalt shingle roof is not original. The roof truss construction is of considerable interest since it is the earliest known example of a king-post truss that is bent at the feet to allow a curved ceiling. The present surface is a semi-domed plaster ceiling completely concealing the truss structure. It was common for ceilings to be painted blue with clouds though this in not mentioned in regards to Merchant’s Hope.</p><br>
<p>Symbolism and Structure</p><br>
<p>This church contains the most pure example of the essential elements of a rectangular room church that include:</p><br>
<p>Dimensions of approximately 60’ east-west by 25’ north-south.</p><br>
<p>Lack of a rood screen separating the chancel from the pews.</p><br>
<p>Oriented with the chancel facing east.</p><br>
<p>Main doorway on the west wall: vestry door on the south east corner.</p><br>
<p>Lack of bell tower or south porch.</p><br>
<p>Plain exterior</p><br>
<p>Display of tablets containing The Lord’s Prayer, the Decalogue, and the Apostles&#39; Creed.</p><br>
<p>In addition, Upton writes extensively on the symbolism embedded in the general features of the building citing particularly the tendency toward pediments and domes:</p><br>
<p>"The pedimented doorways used on many churches are part of a continuous tradition running from Rome through early Christian and medieval building to post-Reformation England; they recall the gateway symbolism of Mediterranean and medieval architecture, and it turn refer, largely unconsciously to the triumphal arches of imperial Rome. They signal the transition for the secular world to the exalted world of the Church.”.</p><br>
<p>“Pedimented doorways thus partook of the vault/dome/canopy tradition in dignifying the approach to the honored place, and in their shape. The pediment... conveyed honor in itself.”.</p><br>
<p>He also states that the combination of a compass pediment on the west door and a triangular pediment on the south was characteristic of early eighteenth-century churches in Virginia:</p><br>
<p>“... every surviving pedimented church before the 1750s uses a segmental pediment for the main (west) door and a triangular pediment over any secondary doorways... in doing so, the gateway/canopy was linked to the compass ceiling and the more general principle that curved or compass forms were more dignified than straight or ‘square’ ones.”.</p><br>
<p>Hence the plaster, domed ceiling that symbolically suggests the transition from the secular to the rarefied spiritual world.</p><br>
<p>This transition is also accomplished by the symbolic journey a parishioner takes when entering the church; he progresses from the secular world through the arched west doorway, passes the baptismal font symbolic of entry to the church, walks under a representation of the sacred dome to the pews from which he progresses to the east to take the communion meal from a simple table at the chancel rail from which he can see the sacred texts through the clear light from the large east windows.</p><br>
<p>Another aspect of the physical structure of Virginia’s colonial churches was the social status given to seating. One’s social status was reflected in the nearness to the chancel, so parishioners of higher rank sat closest to the pulpit and the chancel while those of low status sat near the west wall. Men and women were also separated by seating them on different sides of the aisle.</p><br>
<p>Conclusion</p><br>
<p>All things considered this building is the purest surviving example of the Virginia vernacular church of the colonial era. As Rawlings states:</p><br>
<p>This church is noted for “the utter simplicity of its west doorway, a simplicity that is matched among surviving structures only at Jamestown.”.</p><br>
<p>“Merchant’s Hope... is without a doubt our most enigmatic church. Because of its excellent state of preservation and the details of its masonry, its exterior, which is so devoid of unnecessary adornment, represents the supremely classical example of ecclesiastical architecture in colonial Virginia.”.</p><br>
<h2>Modern church</h2><br>
<p>Merchant&#39;s Hope Episcopal Church still has an active congregation and is among the oldest Protestant churches in America. Over the past 350 years worshipers have included many members of the prominent Harrison family of Virginia, the Randolph family of Virginia, the Bland family of Virginia, the Cocke Family of Virginia, and noted agriculturalist Edmund Ruffin and his family. Many of its current parishioners can trace their ancestry back to the First Families of Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Merchants Hope Church is a registered Virginia and National Historic Landmark. One of the churchs treasures is the "Great Bible". Rebound and not totally complete, it was printed in London in 1639-40. The "Great Bible" is believed to be the Bible with the longest association with one parish in the United States. The silver communion set on display was made in Charleston, South Carolina, and dedicated on the 200th anniversary of the parish in 1857.</p><br>
<p>Following damage during the American Civil War the church was re-modeled with 19th century interior furnishings. A century later the sanctuary was again in need of renovation and it was restored to its probable 18th century appearance. Recreation of the furnishings was patterned after five extant Tidewater area churches, with expert documentation. The initial restoration of the church was completed in the mid-1970s. In 1974 a Tetragrammaton, originally erected as a decorative motif in the old St Mary Abbots church in London, England in 1696, was given to Merchants Hope under the condition that it be restored. This early Judeo-Christian symbol for Jehovah now hangs above the altar, the only one of its kind in North America.</p><br>
<p>The church has also undergone more recent renovations that have included masonry repairs to stabilize the structure, the installation of a modern heating and air conditioning system, a security system, and the removal of a slate roof added during the initial restoration that had caused cracking and significant sagging of the roof trusses that were also repaired.</p><br>
<p>A modern parish hall designed by architect James S. Rawlings, a noted authority on Virginia&#39;s colonial architecture, and modeled after the half-timbered structures that were common in England and the colonies during the 17th and 18th centuries was constructed in the early 1990s.</p><br>
<h2>Notable parishioners</h2><br>
<p>Richard Bland</p><br>
<p>Elmon T. Gray</p><br>
<p>Charles Hardaway Marks</p><br>
<p>Edmund Ruffin</p><br>
<h2>Resources</h2><br>
<p>Brock, Henry I. (1930). Colonial Churches in Virginia. Richmond, Va.: Dale press.</p><br>
<p>Meade, William (1995). Old Churches, Ministers, and Families of Virginia. Philadelphia: Genealogical Publishing Co, Inc, 1847.</p><br>
<p>Mason, George C. (1945). Colonial Churches of Tidewater Virginia. Richmond, Virginia: Whittet and Shepperson.</p><br>
<p>Rawlings, James S. (1963). Virginia’s Colonial Churches: An Architectural Guide. Richmond, Virginia: Garrett and Massie.</p><br>
<p>Upton, Dell (1997). Holy Things and Profane: Anglican Parish Churches in Colonial Virginia. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.</p><br>
<p>Forton Lake is a tidal creek located in the town of Gosport, Hampshire. A small area of the lake is within the grounds of St Vincent College. The locality is the subject of a painting by Martin Snape, which hangs in Gosport Town Hall. The Lake itself is resident to a few local fish species like shoal bass and Pollack.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>Forton Lake is home to around thirty wrecked vessels of varying type, the majority of which arrived at the lake in the twentieth century. Among these are a Second World War motor minesweeper, MMS 293, which served in the Royal Navy with the Expeditionary Force of the Allied Naval Commander-in-Chief in 1944, and a former Gosport ferry named Vadne, which was built in 1939 and ferried passengers at Portsmouth Harbour from 1939 to 1943 and from 1946 to 1965. at Forton Lake</p><br>
<p>Forton Lake was the subject of a brief archaeological survey in 1997, and more recently the focus of the Forton Lake Archaeology Project, organised by the Nautical Archaeology Society and Hampshire and Wight Trust for Maritime Archaeology, from 2006 to 2008. This project involved local residents in attempting to uncover the heritage that had lain undiscovered at the lake. Fieldwork for another archaeology project, the Forton Lake Archaeology Project 2009, was completed over the period of four months from June through to September.</p><br>
<p>Forton Lake is known to have been in use since the early Saxon times, and its use has been continuous. Many of the wrecks located in the lake would have been used by the Royal Navy as barges or for transporting munitions and other goods; others, such as Vadne, would have served the general public on a daily basis.</p><br>
<p>The east end of Forton Lake, as it becomes Portsmouth Harbour, is home to a footbridge built in 2000 as part of the Millennium Project, which sought to modernise the Gosport waterfront in celebration and anticipation of the year 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>The Gosport Discovery Centre Local History Collection contains these articles:</p><br>
<p>Forton Road Conservation Area Action Plan (1994)</p><br>
<p>Guide to St John&#39;s Church, Forton (1998/9)</p><br>
<p>Turner, O. E. St John&#39;s School, Forton (1992)</p><br>
<p>Liapades  is a medium-sized village located on the northwest side of Corfu, 4 km away from Palaiokastritsa. It has a quiet, agriculture-based economy during the winter. In the summer, the local industry mostly relies on the tourist trade, although the place is by no means mainstream. Liapades is situated on the sides of Kourkouli mountain, and spread right up to the North Valley .</p><br>
<h2>Settlements</h2><br>
<p>Liapades</p><br>
<p>Gefyra</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>Churches in Liapades</h2><br>
<p>There are two main Orthodox churches in the village, one in the main square (St. Anastasia/Αγία Αναστασία in Greek) and one near the village&#39;s elementary school (St. Thecla/Αγία Θέκλη). Υπάρχει ακόμη, ο Άγιος Νικόλαος, Η Παναγία Οδηγήτρια, οι Άγιοι Θεόδωροι και η Αγία Αναστασία η Ρωμαία.</p><br>
<h2>Beaches in/near Liapades</h2><br>
<p>The villages main beach (i.e. the one thats reached by the main road) is called Giofyra (Γιόφυρα, meaning Bridge in Greek), but there are other beaches than can be reached through pathways, sometimes through dense vegetation. Some of the most popular ones are Rovinia beach, Chomi beach (can only be reached by sea, there are organised trips from nearby beaches), Liniodoro beach (Λινιόδωρο, roughly translates as "Gift from the Sun"=Ηλίου δώρον (Heliou doron, Iliou doron), ancient Greek), Limni beach and the renowned Palaiokastritsa beach, featuring a sandy beach and turquoise waters (usually too cold to swim in, due to the strong currents of the Adriatic Sea).</p><br>
<p>There is an ongoing research about the village&#39;s history in the past 50 years, containing various anecdotes and information, which will be published within the year.</p><br>
<p>Štěchovice Reservoir  is a dam on Vltava River built from 1937 to 1945 as the second stage of the Vltava Cascade. The dam is named after nearby village Štěchovice.</p><br>
<p>The construction started before World War 2 and because of the need for electricity resources were allocated for the project in spite of general shortage. The power station was put in action in 1943. The reservoir had flooded St John&#39;s Rapids (Svatojánské proudy), the most dangerous but romantic part of Vltava.</p><br>
<p>The main role of the reservoir is to balance the water runoff from peak-load power station at Slapy Dam and to propel two Kaplan turbines with total installed power 2 x 11.25 MW (Štěchovice I). A lock (20.1 m difference between water levels, length 118 m) handles ships with displacement up to 1,000 tons.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is also used by the pumped-storage hydroelectric plant Štěchovice II whose upper reservoir was created on the top of hill Homole. The plant was set in operations in 1947 and closed in 1991 due to obsolence. From 1992 to 1996 a new hydroelectric plant using the reservoirs was built. This plant uses reverse Francis turbine with power 45 MW.</p><br>
<p>During 2002 floods the turbines of both power plants were severely damaged. After overhaul the plants were put back in production in 2004 and 2005 respectively.</p><br>
<h2>Technical parameters of the reservoir</h2><br>
<p>height of the dam: 22.5 m</p><br>
<p>length of the dam arch: 124 m</p><br>
<p>held back water stretches 9.4 km</p><br>
<p>reservoir area: 95.7 hectares</p><br>
<p>water capacity: 11.2 million m³</p><br>
<p>located on 84.4 km of the river</p><br>
<p>Jetnamsklumpen  is the highest point of Jetnamfjellet, a mountain on the border of the municipalities of Røyrvik  and Hattfjelldal  in Norway. The 1,513 m tall mountain is located in the Børgefjell National Park, and it is the highest point in Nord-Trøndelag county.</p><br>
<p>The eastern point of the large Jetnamsfjellet mountain, about 6 km east of Jetnamsklumpen, has the name Jetnemsklumpen in Swedish (since that location is partially in Sweden). This point is considerably lower, at 1,206 m, but it is a quadripoint for four counties: Nord-Trøndelag and Nordland in Norway, and Jämtland and Västerbotten in Sweden.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The first element is from the Southern Sami language word "jitneme" which means "area covered with snow", and the last element is the finite form of Norwegian language word "klump" which means "clump" or "round mountain".</p><br>
<p>The Horns of Hattin  is an extinct volcano with twin peaks overlooking the plains of Hattin in the Lower Galilee, Israel.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Kurûn Hattîn is believed to be the site of the Battle of Hattin, Saladin&#39;s victory over the Crusaders in 1187. The Battle of Hattin was fought in summer when the grass was tinder-dry. Saladin&#39;s troops set fire to the grass, cutting off the Crusaders&#39; access to water in the Sea of Galilee. Saladin built a "victory dome," Qubbat al-Nasr, on the hill. Thietmar, a German pilgrim who visited the site in 1217, wrote that the "temple Saladin had erected to his gods after the victory is now desolate." In the early 17th century, ruins were found on the summit that appeared to be those of a church. Prior to 1948, an Arab village, Hittin, lay at the foot of the hill. Excavations were carried out on the hill in 1976 and 1981.</p><br>
<p>Some scholars have identified the hill with the Mount of Beatitudes, where Jesus delivered his Sermon on the Mount. Writing in 1864, Fergus Ferguson describes it as the "supposed" site, because although "its position corresponds with the particulars of the narrative", no one can declare with any certainty that He gave a sermon at that exact spot."</p><br>
<p>Kjerkeberget is a hill in Nordmarka, Oslo, Norway.</p><br>
<p>It is the highest point in the county and municipality of Oslo. It lies on the border of Oslo and the municipality Lunner in Oppland, between the lakes Sandungen in the southeast and Katnosa in the northwest.</p><br>
<p>The first element is kjerke f church, the last element is the finite form of berg n rocky mountain. (Several mountains in Norway are called the church, because of some likeness in shape with a church). The word kjerke is the form in the dialect of the area - in Bokmål kirke, and in Nynorsk kyrkje.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, Milorg used this hill as a site for parachute drops. On 4 October 1942, Milorg&#39;s District 13 received its first paradrop here. In the paradrop were four people: Tor Helliesen, Jan Allan, Ruben Larsen and Johannes S. Andersen.</p><br>
<p>Jorge Montt Glacier is a tidewater glacier located in the Aisén Region of Chile, south of the town of Caleta Tortel. It lies at the north end of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, within Bernardo O&#39;Higgins National Park. The mouth of Pascua River is located in the vicinity of the glacier calving front.</p><br>
<p>The total drainage area of the glacier is about 510 km&sup2;. The glacier’s ice is thinning most at low elevations, where air temperature is the highest. Ice thinning between 1975 and 2000 averaged 3.3 m per year over the entire glacier, and reached 18 m per year at the lowest elevations. The glacier calving front experienced a major retreat of 8.5 km in those 25 years as a result of rapid thinning. The glacier calves off icebergs into the Baker Channel.</p><br>
<p>In 2000, NASA wrote:</p><br>
<p>Conventional topographic data from the 1970s and 1990s were compared with data from NASA&#39;s February 2000 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission to measure changes in the volumes of the 63 largest glaciers in the region over time. The researchers concluded the thinning rate of the Patagonia Icefields more than doubled during the period from 1995 through 2000 versus the period from 1975 to 2000.</p><br>
<p>In December 2011, a new study was published. "The study was presented by glaciologist and CECs researcher Andrés Rivera, who focused his investigation on changes in the glacier between February 2010 and January 2011. Using a series of 1,445 photos taken throughout this period, scientists found that the glacier shrank roughly 82 feet each day, receding more than half a mile in the course of the year."</p><br>
<p>Riveras study showed the glaciers unique rate of retreat was primarily a function of the fjord&#39;s peculiar bathymetry; secondarily a result of a warming climate. In 2010 remnants of nothofagus (southern beech) were discovered and later dated, "yielding burial ages between 460</p><br>
<p>and 250 cal yrs BP." According to Rivera: "The tree-ring results suggest the area was covered by an old-growth forest dominated by Nothofagus betuloides (“coigue de Magallanes” – Magellanic southern beech) with individuals of average age close to 150 years, co-existing for almost 300 years (total chronology length). The radiocarbon ages of between 250 and 450 years BP from two of the sampled trees suggest that the tree ring samples were taken from a mature forest that was destroyed by the advance of Glaciar Jorge Montt during the LIA period."</p><br>
<p>The James Pardee House, situated on the grounds of the John Pardee Homestead at 129 North Main Street, is one of the well-known historic homes built in the eighteenth century in the town of Sharon, Connecticut, according to the 1935 edition of The Connecticut Guide. Constructed in 1782 of locally produced salmon-colored brick, the Pardee House retains much of its original character and represents a significant and well-preserved vernacular expression of the late Georgian style in architecture, materials and workmanship in the State of Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>The Pardee House has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing structure in the Sharon Historic District, and received its own separate listing as well in 2003. The two-story, five-bay, brick structure with a center-hall plan was constructed by James Pardee, the son of John Pardee, one of the founders of the Town of Sharon, on the town&#39;s original Proprietor Home Lot #29.</p><br>
<p>According to SPNEA documentation, the Pardee House is very well preserved at the exterior, which includes the retention of most the building&#39;s original sash windows. At the interior of the Pardee House, numerous original and early features are preserved, including unusual structural framing, hand-carved woodwork, plaster on split lath, softwood floorboards and fireplaces. Located north of the Pardee House on the grounds of the original John Pardee Homestead is a ca. 1960 guest cottage. The open space of the Pardee Homestead retains its rural characteristics and consists primarily of lawn, gardens and a large open field located East of the house.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, the Boston-based Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities (SPNEA, now Historic New England) acquired a preservation restriction on the property in perpetuity.</p><br>
<p>Shortridge High School is a public high school located in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It opened in 1864 as the Indianapolis High School and is the oldest free, public high school in the state of Indiana. It is the home of the International Baccalaureate program of the Indianapolis Public Schools .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Shortridge High School was established as the Indianapolis High School in 1864 as the state’s first free high school. Abraham C. Shortridge was recruited to become school superintendent in 1863. Shortridge was a strict educator when it came to drilling students and faculty alike. However, he was also innovative in many ways, including the hiring of female teachers and the admission of African-American students. By 1878, Shortridge High School served 502 students. Roda Selleck, who began teaching art at the school in the 1880s, soon won acclaim for introducing "craftwork" – leather, pottery, jewelry, and metalwork – to the curriculum, and later developed a line of pottery, "Selridge Pottery", designed by students. She remained at the school until her death in 1924.</p><br>
<p>The school was a lightning rod for civil rights almost from the beginning. At its inception the students were primarily white. In 1903, in a football game with Wabash College, Wabash coach Tug Wilson substituted an African-American left tackle by the name of Samuel Gordon. The Shortridge team captain led his team off the field after a scene. Gordon kept his sense of humor, noting he was sorry the game was called on account of darkness.</p><br>
<p>While minority students had attended Shortridge from the very beginning, the majority of the students were white until 1927. In 1927, the citys first and only purposely-segregated all-black school, Crispus Attucks High School, was opened on the near westside. Designed to house all of the citys black students, regardless of residential location, its creation was due in large part to the influence of a branch of the Ku Klux Klan led by D.C. Stephenson, on the citys school board. While the citys elementary schools had largely been segregated by social custom, the construction of Crispus Attucks High School as an exclusively African-American school created segregation by rule. Although Crispus Attucks was intended to educate all black high school students, those who lived in an area where they could attend either Crispus Attucks High School or Shortridge High School were allowed to choose which school they wanted to attend. Many of these students chose to attend Shortridge High School.</p><br>
<p>During the 1920s, the Indianapolis Public School Board began an expansion program. Three new high schools were planned. In addition to Crispus Attucks, Washington High School on the west side of Indianapolis was also built. Following plans begun several years earlier, Shortridge High School moved in 1928 from downtown Indianapolis to a new building at its current location at 34th and Meridian Streets on the north side of Indianapolis.</p><br>
<p>The Depression of the 1930s was not kind to the country, and this was seen at Shortridge High as well. The PTA was active in raising money for both the school and its students. A radio production studio was established in the late 1940s, and WIAN-FM, licensed to the IPS board, went on the air in 1955. By the late 1950s, Shortridge High was ranked among the best schools in the nation, according to Time Magazine. The American Field Study (AFS) foreign exchange program was established as the first of its kind in Indianapolis. This program continued until the school was closed in June 1981.</p><br>
<p>Author Kurt Vonnegut, who graduated from the school in 1940, once said of his alma mater:</p><br>
<p>The environment in the school in the 1950s was described in the novel Going All The Way by Shortridge High alumnus Dan Wakefield (published in 1970 and adapted to film in 1997). In the late 1950s, the school began to lose students to other schools, notably the newly opened North Central High School on the city&#39;s far-north side. As the 1960s progressed, so-called "white flight" in the neighborhoods immediately surrounding the school led to a predominantly-black student body. During the 1950–1970 period, the racial demographics of the Shortridge district began to change rapidly. As an example, the Mapleton-Fall Creek neighborhood, a part of the Shortridge district, changed from 82% white to 20% white).</p><br>
<p>In 1957, a Time Magazine article named Shortridge High as one of the top 38 high schools in the United States. However, due to the changing racial makeup of the neighborhoods that fed Shortridge, some on the school&#39;s Parent-Teacher Association supported redrawing the Shortridge district to find a more even racial balance. By 1964, some felt that the school had reached a crisis. A protest march that fall from the school to Indianapolis Public School offices was supported by 200 students. In 1965, the Indianapolis Board of School Commissioners turned Shortridge into an all-academic high school. Beginning in the 1966–67 school year, an entrance examination was required for enrollment. In the 1966–67 school year only 272 freshmen enrolled, 46% of whom were black. Though efforts were made over the next four years to increase enrollment, they were not effective. The 1966 elections saw the school board change, including the loss of Richard Lugar, a Shortridge High graduate and academic plan supporter, who ran for, and was elected as, mayor of the city of Indianapolis. By 1967, the new school board voted 5–2 to abolish the short-lived ‘Shortridge Plan’.</p><br>
<p>The United States Department of Justice filed a suit in 1968 charging de jure segregation in Indianapolis. IPS responded with a desegregation plan which addressed only one of the three underlying charges. In 1971, USA District Judge S. Hugh Dillin found the IPS Board of School Commissioners to be guilty of de jure segregation.</p><br>
<p>Many large and small protests and causes occurred at Shortridge during the late 1960s. This was a trend seen at other local high schools, colleges, and American society in general. One in particular is sometimes referred to as "The Shortridge Incident."</p><br>
<p>In February 1969, Shortridge student Otto Breeding was arrested for "disorderly conduct" after a disagreement with school officials over appropriate clothing. He had been asked to not wear a T-shirt advertising a radical black organization. Students who felt this was unfair attempted to disrupt the school, pulling fire alarms, and chanting “Black Power” in the halls. The next day an ad hoc group of students presented the assistant principal with four demands. The response to the petition did not satisfy them. The Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra was scheduled to present a concert the next day in the schools historic auditorium, Caleb Mills Hall. Approximately twenty students rose and left as the orchestra played "The Star Spangled Banner". The protesters then congregated at a youth project run by the Reverend Luther Hicks. Reverend Hicks calmed the students and helped them to plan a non-violent protest. The students returned to Shortridge and gathered in front of the building and shouted various protest chants (e.g. “Say it loud! I’m black and I’m proud.”). As the protest continued, the police were called, and thirty students and adults were taken to the Marion County Jail. Most were charged with resisting arrest and disorderly conduct. One civil rights leader, Griffin Bell, was charged with inciting a riot. Marion County Prosecutor Noble Pearcy attempted to have the minor students declared "incorrigible" in an attempt to stop school unrest. This caused mixed reactions within the community, leading some of the citys religious leaders to side with the students. While the charges wound their way through the courts, a "freedom school" was set up to help the suspended students keep up with their academic work. The case eventually reached the Indiana Supreme Court to decide jurisdiction. Eventually, all charges against the students were dismissed and three civil rights leaders were given fines, with one receiving six months at the Indiana State Prison Farm.</p><br>
<p>The next twenty years included experimentation in busing followed by the eventual closure of Shortridge High School in 1981. The building reopened a few years later as Shortridge Middle School. In 2009, it was converted back to high school status as a magnet program focusing on law and government studies. The magnet program was closed in 2015 with the introduction of Shortridge High School as the home of the International Baccalaureate program for Indianapolis Public Schools.</p><br>
<h2>The Shortridge Daily Echo</h2><br>
<p>In 1898, the school established a daily newspaper, The Shortridge Daily Echo. It was the first daily high school newspaper in the entire country. It continued its daily status until the 1970s, when it was converted to a weekly publication. Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., and Donald Ring Mellett are two notable alumni who served as editors of the Echo.</p><br>
<p>The paper won many awards over the years. In its final year, the necessarily-brief Echo was still able to win a second place overall award by the Columbia University Scholastic Press Association. Michael N. Selby and Edie Cassell were the last co-editors-in-chief, and Chris Keys was the last sports editor of the Shortridge Weekly Echo when it ceased publication with the school&#39;s closure in 1981. However, this was not the Echos last call. When Shortridge was reopened as a high school in 2009, students brought back the Echo as well, published weekly.</p><br>
<h2>Sports</h2><br>
<p>In a state where basketball is king, Shortridge High had its moment in the sun in the 1967–68 season. The Blue Devils won their way to the final game of the Indiana state championship, only to lose by eight points. However, over the years Shortridge High won state championships in golf (five titles, three times runners-up), wrestling (twice), track and field (twice, and runners-up twice), and cross country (twice, and runners-up twice).</p><br>
<p>Late in the 1970s the Blue Devils began to emerge as baseball power in the city. The Blue Devils reached the sectional finals in 1979, despite fielding a team of mostly sophomores. Notably Eric Johnson, a sophomore transfer from southern California, set a school record in 1979 by posting 12 Runs batted in, in a single game against Arsenal Technical High School.</p><br>
<h3>IHSAA boys' wrestling</h3><br>
<h4>IHSWCA Hall of Fame wrestlers</h4><br>
<p>Frank Anderson, inducted 1990</p><br>
<p>Charles Blackwell, inducted 1995</p><br>
<p>James Hill, inducted 1976</p><br>
<p>Dr. John Hobbs, inducted 1988</p><br>
<p>David Jeter, inducted 1981</p><br>
<p>Drayton Praed, inducted 1977</p><br>
<p>Coach Paul Dill, inducted 1973</p><br>
<p>Coach Harold Grundy, inducted 2009</p><br>
<p>Indianapolis City championship (5) 1967–68 The 5 City Champions were, 98 lbs. George O&#39;Neal</p><br>
<p>112 lbs.John Bush,138 lbs.Harold Grundy, 145 lbs.James Gardner, 185 lbs. William Coleman.</p><br>
<h4>Team state wrestling championships</h4><br>
<p>1958–59, Coach Paul Dill</p><br>
<p>1966–67, Coach George Bohlin</p><br>
<h4>Individual state wrestling champions</h4><br>
<p>1951–52, James Bose (138 lbs.), Richard Anthony (175)</p><br>
<p>1952–53, Drayton Praed (154), David Jeter (165)</p><br>
<p>1953–54, Drayton Praed (154)</p><br>
<p>1954–55, James Hill (112), Frank Anderson (133), David Jeter (165)</p><br>
<p>1955–56, James Hill (112)</p><br>
<p>1958–59, Melvin Jeter (165)</p><br>
<p>1962–63, James Blackwell (145), William Beacham (154)</p><br>
<p>1964–65, Earl Price (heavyweight)</p><br>
<p>1965–66, Charles Blackwell (154)</p><br>
<p>1966–67, James Gardner(145)</p><br>
<p>1969–70, Desmond Smith(165)</p><br>
<p>1970–71, John Hobbs(105)</p><br>
<p>1971–72, John Hobbs(105)</p><br>
<h3>IHSAA boys' track & field</h3><br>
<p>Team state champion</p><br>
<p>1903–04 Coach Parmalee</p><br>
<p>1907–08 runner-up</p><br>
<p>1908–09 runner-up</p><br>
<p>1914–15 Coach S. Roach</p><br>
<p>&#39;Individual champions</p><br>
<p>High Jump &#39;</p><br>
<p>1904–05 Murat DeWeese, McLaughlin (tie 5–4 ¾)</p><br>
<p>1907–08 Harold Morrison 5–8 ¾</p><br>
<p>1908–09 Harold Morrison 5–7 ½</p><br>
<p>1958–59 Gerry Williams 6–6.0</p><br>
<p>Long jump</p><br>
<p>1905–06 Murat DeWeese 20–6 ½</p><br>
<p>1907–08 Hendrickson 20–2 ½</p><br>
<p>1908–09 Harold Morrison 21–3 ¼</p><br>
<p>100-yard dash</p><br>
<p>1903–04 Russell Joseph 10</p><br>
<p>1937–38 Alfred Piel 10.3</p><br>
<p>220-yard dash</p><br>
<p>1903–04 Russell Joseph 23</p><br>
<p>1937–38 Alfred Piel 22.7</p><br>
<p>440-yard dash</p><br>
<p>1907–08 R. Hendrickson 55.0</p><br>
<p>1915–16 Butler 55.6</p><br>
<p>880-yard dash</p><br>
<p>1904–05 Patton 2:11</p><br>
<p>1950–51 Bob Bruce 2:00.4</p><br>
<p>Mile</p><br>
<p>1903–04 George Steep 12 5:04.0</p><br>
<p>1927–28 Patterson 4:40.1</p><br>
<p>120-yard high hurdles</p><br>
<p>1915–16 Moore 17.2</p><br>
<p>220-yard low hurdles</p><br>
<p>1915–16 Wilson 27.2</p><br>
<p>880-yard relay</p><br>
<p>1928–29 1:37.8</p><br>
<p>1937–38 1:33.7</p><br>
<p>Mile relay</p><br>
<p>1935–36 3:32.2</p><br>
<h3>IHSAA boys' cross country</h3><br>
<p>State team champions</p><br>
<p>1953–54 Coach Tom Haynes</p><br>
<p>1954–55 Coach Tom Haynes</p><br>
<p>1959–60 Runner-up</p><br>
<h3>IHSAA boys' golf</h3><br>
<p>Golf team state champions (5 – second-most state championships in state history)</p><br>
<p>1934–35 Coach Simon Roache</p><br>
<p>1936–37 Coach Simon Roache</p><br>
<p>1948–49 Coach Peterman</p><br>
<p>1949–50 Coach Peterman</p><br>
<p>1952–53 runner-up</p><br>
<p>1953–54 runner-up</p><br>
<p>1955–56 runner-up</p><br>
<p>1956–57 state champion</p><br>
<p>Golf Individual medallists</p><br>
<p>1934–35 Richard McCreary 73</p><br>
<p>1948–49 Peter Burkholder 73</p><br>
<p>1949–50 William Kerr 73</p><br>
<p>1954–55 Don Essig 73</p><br>
<p>1955–56 Dan Burton 73</p><br>
<p>1956–57 Charles Griffith 71</p><br>
<h3>IHSAA boys' basketball</h3><br>
<p>IHSAA Basketball Hall of Fame coach George Theofanis (coached 1966–1969)</p><br>
<p>Basketball sectional championships (10)</p><br>
<p>1924–25 Indianapolis</p><br>
<p>1925–26 Indianapolis</p><br>
<p>1930–31 Indianapolis</p><br>
<p>1932–33 Indianapolis</p><br>
<p>1935–36 Indianapolis</p><br>
<p>1937–38 Indianapolis</p><br>
<p>1939–40 Indianapolis</p><br>
<p>1966–67 Indianapolis Coliseum</p><br>
<p>1967–68 Indianapolis Coliseum</p><br>
<p>1968–69 Indianapolis Coliseum</p><br>
<p>Basketball regional championships (4)</p><br>
<p>1930–31 Anderson</p><br>
<p>1932–33 Indianapolis</p><br>
<p>1966–67 Indianapolis</p><br>
<p>1967–68 Indianapolis</p><br>
<p>Basketball semi state championships (1)</p><br>
<p>1967–68 Indianapolis</p><br>
<p>Basketball runner-up state championship (1)</p><br>
<p>1967–68 Indianapolis</p><br>
<p>Women&#39;s Basketball State Champs (1)</p><br>
<p>1904 (Men not allowed to watch)</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>Ada Walter Shulz – painter</p><br>
<p>Albert William Levi – philosopher, first Ralph Waldo Emerson Award recipient, first Washington University Humanities Chair, and Black Mountain College Rector (1947–1950)</p><br>
<p>Andrew Jacobs, Jr. – USA House of Representatives, Class of 1949</p><br>
<p>Bill Shirley – actor and singer</p><br>
<p>Booth Tarkington – author (attended but did not graduate from Shortridge)</p><br>
<p>Claude G. Bowers – newspaperman, historian, author and US ambassador, Class of 1896</p><br>
<p>Dan Burton – United States House of Representatives, Class of 1956</p><br>
<p>Dan Wakefield – author, Class of 1950</p><br>
<p>Don Mellett – journalist, editor, Pulitzer Prize winner (posthumous), Class of 1909</p><br>
<p>Easley Blackwood – internationally acclaimed composer, pianist and professor of music at University of Chicago, Class of 1950</p><br>
<p>Frank J. Anderson – first African-American sheriff of Marion County, Indiana, IHSWCA Hall of Fame wrestler, Class of 1959</p><br>
<p>Honor Moore – poet and non-fiction writer, whose works include The Bishop&#39;s Daughter, memoir of relationship with her father, Episcopal Bishop Paul Moore, Class of 1963</p><br>
<p>Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. – acclaimed best-selling author of Slaughterhouse-Five and other novels, lecturer, professor, World War II veteran, Class of 1940</p><br>
<p>Hans Paul Mengering – structural engineer, highly decorated and wounded World War II 82nd Airborne glider veteran, and late stepfather (1983–2013) of humorist David Letterman, Class of 1940</p><br>
<p>Kurt Vonnegut, Sr. – architect of Vonnegut & Bohn and Vonnegut, Wright & Yeager, Class of 1902</p><br>
<p>Lebbeus Woods – experimental architect and artist, Class of 1959</p><br>
<p>Madelyn Pugh – writer for I Love Lucy and The Lucy Show, Class of 1938</p><br>
<p>Marguerite Young – English teacher at Shortridge who received international recognition for her 1965 epic novel Miss MacIntosh, My Darling, Class of 1926</p><br>
<p>Mary Fink - civil servant Class of 1934</p><br>
<p>Charles Jordan - professional basketball player, Indiana Pacers, Europe, class of 1972</p><br>
<p>Mary Ritter Beard – historian and feminist scholar</p><br>
<p>Maurice E. Shearer – Brigadier General, Marine Corps, led Marines in World War I Battle of Belleau Wood, France; awarded Navy Cross, Army Distinguished Service Cross, Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Silver Star, French Legion of Honor, Aide to Secretary of the Navy Fleet, used USS Indianapolis as his normal flagship, US Ambassador</p><br>
<p>Noble Sissle – musician, composer</p><br>
<p>Paul Harmon, management consultant and business author</p><br>
<p>Raymond A. Spruance – Admiral, commander of Task Force 16 at Midway; as Commander of Central Pacific Force, later 5th</p><br>
<p>Richard Lugar – United States Senator, Class of 1950</p><br>
<p>Wallace Terry – journalist and oral historian, Class of 1956</p><br>
<p>William E. McAnulty, Jr. – attorney, First African American justice on the Kentucky Supreme Court, Class of 1965</p><br>
<p>William Afflis – professional player (Green Bay Packers) and professional wrestler as "Dick the Bruiser", Class of 1947</p><br>
<p>Clinton L. Hare – manager, organizer, football coach, attorney, grocer, Class of 1883</p><br>
<p>Lloyd "Skip" Martin – Jazz musician, played in the Shortridge band and went on to write for Count Basie, Duke Elligton and play with many big bands like Glenn Miller and Charlie Barnett. Class of 1934</p><br>
<p>Marcellus Greene – football player</p><br>
<p>Sharon E. Watkins – general minister and president of Christian Church (Disciples of Christ); she delivered sermon at National Prayer Service in Washington, D.C. on January 21, 2009, at invitation of President Barack Obama</p><br>
<p>Kinta River  is a river in Perak, Malaysia. It gives its name to the Kinta Valley which surrounds Ipoh, the capital of Perak which sits along the river. There are many limestone hills in this area and there used to be many tin mines. The probably largest tin field in the world was discovered in 1876 in the Kinta Valley. The river was also well known for its wide variety of freshwater fish. The fisheries department reported a greater abundance of fish from the Intake Dam to Tasek, and from a secluded fish pool, 0.75 mile down from Tanjung Rambutan. Fishing in this area used to be a major local activity until the fisheries gradually closed down.</p><br>
<p>Kinta River is one of the main branches of the Perak River.</p><br>
<h2>Major settlements</h2><br>
<p>Major settlements along the river are:</p><br>
<p>Sungai Siput</p><br>
<p>Chemor</p><br>
<p>Ipoh</p><br>
<p>Menglembu</p><br>
<p>Batu Gajah</p><br>
<p>Teronoh</p><br>
<p>Tanjung Tualang</p><br>
<p>The Las Vegas Springs or Big Springs is the site of a natural oasis, known traditionally as a cienega. For more than 15,000 years, springs broke through the desert floor, creating grassy meadows . The bubbling springs were a source of water for Native Americans living here at least 5,000 years ago. Known as The Birthplace of Las Vegas it sustained travelers of the Old Spanish Trail and Mormons who came to settle the West. The springs&#39; source is the Las Vegas Aquifer.</p><br>
<p>The springs are now a part of the Las Vegas Springs Preserve.</p><br>
<p>Las Vegas Springs was once the site of three springs, running into two large pools of water. It is a site historically known for a gathering of pioneers and Native Americans and early settlers in the Las Vegas Valley. In 1905, it provided water source to the budding town and railroad. Once pipe lines were laid and wells were drilled, the surface water receded, making it the way it is today. The site is currently undergoing rehabilitation to protect what remains architecturally and archaeologically.</p><br>
<p>Now, it is 180 acres of historic land located just west of Downtown Las Vegas. It is open to the public and more information can be found here: http://www.springspreserve.org/</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first non-Native American crossing Las Vegas Springs was Raphael Rivera in 1829. He was the Mexican scout for the expedition of Antonio Armijo who pioneered the Old Spanish Trail between New Mexico and California. Later, American traveler John C. Fremont and Kit Carson camped at the springs in 1844. The springs stopped flowing to the surface in 1962 as the water table dropped as more water was pumped out to meet the demands of a growing population than was being replaced by rainfall and snow melt.</p><br>
<p>Uncontrolled use of private wells and wasted water contributed to the early depletion of the aquifer. This forced the Las Vegas Land and Water Company to drill Well No. 1 in 1923 to supply the demands for water.</p><br>
<p>The springs and associated infrastructure have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1978 and are marked as.</p><br>
<p>Cardenal Antonio Samoré Pass  it is one of the main mountain passes through the southern Andes along the border between Argentina and Chile.</p><br>
<p>Together with Paso Libertadores, it is one of the easiest of the Argentina-Chile passes, and one of the few with asphalted roads in the region. The main towns and cities respectively on both sides of the pass are Entre Lagos and Osorno in Chile and Villa La Angostura and San Carlos de Bariloche in Argentina. From the Chilean side the pass is accessed through Route 215-CH, branch line which begins at the Panamerican Highway in Osorno. On the Argentinian side the pass is reached by Ruta Nacional 231.</p><br>
<p>Since 1974 there is a treaty that guarantee the transport of Chilean goods from the Chilean X Los Lagos Region to the XII Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region over the Paso Samoré through the Argentinian Patagonia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It is named after Cardinal Antonio Samorè, who mediated in the Beagle conflict between Chile and Argentina from 1978 to 1983. Operation Soberanía, the Argentine invasion plan, considered an offensive of the Third Army Corps under command of Luciano Benjamín Menéndez through Samoré Pass to seize Los Lagos Region.</p><br>
<p>Before it was renamed, it was known as Paso Puyehue after Puyehue Lake.</p><br>
<p>The Hinds River is a river in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. Its north and south branches drain the eastern flank of the Moorhouse Range, part of the Southern Alps, and their confluence is near Anama and Mayfield. The river then flows across the Canterbury Plains towards the Pacific Ocean, passing through the small town of Hinds along the way. In Hinds, State Highway 1 and the Main South Line railway cross the river. The river&#39;s mouth is located between the localities of Longbeach and Lowcliffe.</p><br>
<p>In its upper reaches, the southern arm flows near the Rangitata River and the northern arm flows near the Ashburton River / Hakatere.</p><br>
<p>The river was named after the Reverend Samuel Hinds, a member of the Canterbury Association that organised the settlement of Canterbury. Hinds was considered an expert in colonisation.</p><br>
<p>Maori name is Hekeao.</p><br>
<p>Skepsis or Scepsis  was an ancient settlement in the Troad, Asia Minor that is at the present site of the village of Kurşunlutepe, near the town of Bayramiç in Turkey. The settlement is notable for being the location where the famous library of Aristotle was kept before being moved to Pergamum and Alexandria. It was also home to Metrodorus of Scepsis and Demetrius of Scepsis.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The city of Skepsis was situated in two different, non-contemporary sites on Mount Ida, Palae-Skepsis and the settlement of Skepsis proper.</p><br>
<h3>Palea-Skepsis</h3><br>
<p>Palea-Skepsis (Old Skepsis) is notable for the native tradition that it was once the "capital of Aeneas&#39;s dominions." It was situated near the source of the Aesepus, high up on Mount Ida. William Vaux was able to note in 1877 that a village in the neighborhood still bore the name of Eski Skisepje, which in Turkish corresponds to "Palea-Skepsis."</p><br>
<p>Dr. Andreas David Mordtmann, the discoverer of the settlement, is quoted on his discovery by Dr. Archibald Ross Colquhoun in a reference by Vaux.</p><br>
<p>The city was given to Themistocles by Artaxerxes I of Persia in order to provide him with clothes.</p><br>
<h3>Skepsis</h3><br>
<p>The later Skepsis was about sixty stadia (7.5 miles) lower down Mount Ida from Palae-Skepsis.</p><br>
<p>This later town of Scepsis is memorable for the discovery there, during the time of Sulla, of the works of Aristotle and Theophrastus, which had been buried by the illiterate relations of one Neleus (a pupil of Aristotle and friend of Theophrastus), so that they would not be carried off by Attalus I, who was then founding the Library of Pergamum.</p><br>
<p>Several times in its history, the citizens of Skepsis were forced to move elsewhere. When citizens of surrounding cities were forced to migrate to Troy, citizens of Skepsis were also forced to relocate. The city was again evacuated while the residents of surrounding cities were made to move to Alexandria Troas.</p><br>
<p>Certain traditions hold that Saint Cornelius the Centurion, the first Pagan convert to Christianity, became the first bishop of Skepsis in the early days of Christianity.</p><br>
<p>Hua Hum Pass  is an international mountain pass in the Andes between Chile and Argentina. The pass takes its name from the Hua Hum River that flows from Argentina into Chile at the site of the border crossing. Even though the pass does not go through the continental divide, it crosses the highest peaks of the cordillera.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Hua Hum Pass is one of the lowest passes of the southern Andes at 659 meters above sea level, which means that unlike other nearby Chile-Argentina passes it never closes due to snow fall and is open year-round. The pass is used primarily for tourism as the Chilean 203-CH road is interrupted by Pirihueico Lake. A ferry equipped to transport vehicles as well as people may be taken to Puerto Fuy, on the other side of Pirihueico Lake. The ferry ride lasts approximately 2 hours.</p><br>
<p>It is the main pass of the Chilean Los Ríos Region to Neuquén Province in Argentina. The main cities on both sides of the pass are Panguipulli in Chile and San Martín de los Andes (45 km from the pass in Argentina).</p><br>
<p>Kardamili  is a town by the sea thirty-five kilometers southeast of Kalamata. It is the seat of the municipality of Lefktro in the region of Messenia on the Mani Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>In the Iliad (Book 9 ), Homer cites Kardamili as one of the seven cities offered by Agamemnon to Achilles as a condition to rejoin the fight during the Trojan War. The village preserves its ancient name.</p><br>
<p>The area is filled with beaches: Ritsa, Belogianni, Salio, Tikla, Amoni, Santava. The older town includes a mediaeval castle and outworks, and the imposing church of Saint Spyridon. Many of the buildings of Old Kardamili, also known as "Pano Kardamili", or "Upper Kardamili" were built by the Venetians and feature a mix of traditional Greek and Venetian design. The skyline of Kardamyli, like many other Maniot towns and villages, is dominated by the distinctive regional architectural of the various towers built by scions of the Nikliani clans, the mediaeval aristocracy of the Mani.</p><br>
<p>Kardamyli is the departure point of many mountain trails, some of which lead to the peak of Mount Taygetus. Kardamili is known in the area for having an especially good view of Mount Taygetus, known locally as the "Profitis Ilias", literally translating to "Prophet Elias". Nearby is the Viros Gorge, with a total length of 20 km. The Viros Gorge remains bone dry in summer, however it is known to flood heavily in winter, when snow melts on the mountains and rain falls in heavy downpours. Further afield, one may visit Oitylo, Areopoli and the Diros caverns.</p><br>
<p>The village of Kalamitsi, just outside Kardamili was, in his later years, the principal home of Patrick Leigh Fermor and his wife Joan. Patrick was an English writer who was made an honorary citizen of the village for his participation in the Greek Resistance during World War II, especially in Crete. He died in hospital in 2011 the day after returning to his other home in Dumbleton in England.</p><br>
<p>The ashes of the writer Bruce Chatwin were scattered near a Byzantine chapel above the village in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Kardamili, like much of Greece, experiences a very mild, subtropical Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Snow is almost unknown in the town itself, only falling a few times per century. Snow is, however, common in the mountains above Kardamili, with the Profitis Ilias typically remaining snow capped until early June. Winter rainfall in the area is often heavy, with spectacular flooding in the Viros gorge occurring every few years. In summer, by contrast, rain is scarce. Summer thunderstorms are exceptionally rare, bringing short, heavy downpours. Summertime temperatures usually range around 90-95°F (32-35°C), but heat waves with temperatures above 100°F (38°C) are common. The cooling Meltemi wind which blows across much of Greece is largely blocked by the mountains of the area, resulting in unusually calm seas which are often lake-like in the morning, before the sea breeze kicks up. Spring and Fall are warm to cool with changeable weather. Heavy hailstorms are known to strike the area in early spring and mid fall, sometimes causing damage to the local olive crop, as the olives or flowers are knocked out of their trees by falling hailstones.</p><br>
<p>Global warming and climate change are especially felt in the area, with summers becoming more tropical- featuring higher humidity with occasional afternoon thunderstorms and warmer nights. Winters are becoming warmer and drier. Due to these climatic changes, tropical plants such as mango, avocado, lychee, and plumeria are becoming a more common sight in the area, giving the town an exotic and lush feel. At night, the town often smells of these new tropical flowers and jasmine, as well as eucalyptus, as light mountain breezes blow the smells through the town.</p><br>
<p>The following is climate data for nearby Kalamata. It is important to note that winter low temperatures tend to be a bit higher than those of Kalamata as the Taygetos block much of the northerly winds which bring cold air down from the rest of Europe.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Kardamili sits at the foot of the Taygetus mountains on the coast of the Messenian Bay. Much of the town sits on the remnants of a prehistoric lava flow, the remains of which can be seen as the lava rock outcrops which separate many of the local beaches from one another. The local beaches stand out from those in other areas of the world for the remarkably round stones of which they are made up. Nowhere else in the world is it possible to find smooth, often spherical stones on a beach, and the phenomenon has been subject to multiple studies done to find the cause of such a unique occurrence.</p><br>
<p>The nearest places are Kampos to the North and Proastio to the southeast.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Kardamili is one of the oldest settlements in the Peloponnese, with its current name being mentioned in the Iliad, the epic poem by ancient Greek writer Homer. Many of the townspeople can trace their lineage back to either famed clans of the ares (as in the Mourtzinos and Troupakis clans), or the Byzantine Emperor Constantine Palaiologos, one of whose descendants (Dimitri Palaiologos) settled in the region. The descendants of Dimitris Palaiologos typically have the last same "Dimitreas", meaning "son of Dimitri&#39;.</p><br>
<h3>Historical Sites</h3><br>
<p>The buildings of Pano Kardamili, dating back to Venetian times.</p><br>
<p>The church of St. Spyridon.</p><br>
<p>The tombs of the Dioskouri, Castor and Pollux (the Gemini twins) are believed to be near a hiking trail just above the old town.</p><br>
<p>The ruins of the old soap factory, the smokestack of which still dominates the town&#39;s skyline.</p><br>
<p>The old customs house, in St. John&#39;s harbor.</p><br>
<p>Zealand Notch  is a mountain pass located in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, United States. It is located in the towns of Bethlehem and Lincoln, near the northeastern corner of the Pemigewasset Wilderness. The center of the notch is traversed by hiking trails and is located approximately 2 miles from the nearest road. Zealand Pond, Zealand Falls, and the Zealand Falls hut are located near the height of land.</p><br>
<p>Similarly to Crawford Notch to the east, the main body of Zealand Notch comprises a steep-walled, U-shaped valley running southwards from the height of land. Whitewall Brook flows through the bottom of the notch, reaching the North Fork of the Pemigewasset River at the south end of the notch. Water from Whitewall Brook flows via branches and the main stem of the Pemigewasset to the Merrimack River and ultimately the Gulf of Maine. North of the notch&#39;s height of land, the Zealand River flows north to the Ammonoosuc River near the village of Twin Mountain, with the streamflow eventually reaching the Connecticut River and turning south again to ultimately reach Long Island Sound.</p><br>
<p>The notch lies between Whitewall Mountain (3,405 ft./1,038 m.) to the east and Zeacliff (approx. 3,600 ft./1,097 m.), an eastern arm of Zealand Mountain, to the west. The Appalachian Trail traverses Zealand Notch. From the west, the trail (paired with the Twinway trail) descends from Zeacliff past Zealand Falls (a long series of smooth granite ledges ending in a 50 foot drop over vertical granite) and Zealand Falls Hut to the center of the notch. Here the Twinway ends, and the Appalachian Trail turns south and follows the Ethan Pond Trail along an old railroad grade through the notch, along the side of Whitewall Mountain, exiting the south end of the notch and continuing east towards Crawford Notch. Other trails in Zealand Notch include the Zealand Trail approaching along the Zealand River from the north, the Lend-a-Hand Trail which reaches Zealand Falls Hut from Mount Hale to the northwest, and the Zeacliff Trail, which descends from the top of Zeacliff straight down the notch wall to Whitewall Brook and the Ethan Pond Trail.</p><br>
<p>Pino Hachado Pass  is a mountain pass through the Andes, joining Chile and Argentina. It is one of the principal passes of the southern Andes, connecting Argentinas route RN-22 and Chiles Route 181-CH.</p><br>
<p>Transit must pass through Las Raíces Tunnel, on the Chilean side. At its highest peak, Pino Hachado Pass is 1884 meters high. The climate is cold and dry, with summer temperatures recorded at 25 °C/77 °F, and winter temperatures recorded at -15 °C/5 °F. The closest inhabited locations are Las Lajas in Argentina, with approximately 5,000 inhabitants, and Liucura in Chile, with approximately 700 inhabitants. Both Las Lajas and Liucura communities have organized a project called El Corredor de los Niños (The Children&#39;s Corridor). This program is focused on uniting school children from both communities and teaching them the value of protecting the route, both environmentally and in the control of transports. In order to pass Pino Hachado, travelers must stop at both the Chilean and Argentinian customs and immigration services.</p><br>
<p>The Daniel Carter Beard Boyhood Home is a National Historic Landmark located in the Riverside Drive Historic District of Covington, Kentucky, overlooking the Licking River, across the Ohio River from Cincinnati, Ohio. The two-story brick domicile, built in 1821 and one of the two oldest buildings in Kenton County, Kentucky, is the boyhood home of Daniel Carter Beard, a founder of the Boy Scouts of America. He was their National Scout Commissioner from its 1910 founding to his death in 1941.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Born in Cincinnati in 1850, Daniel Carter Beard moved with his family to Covington, Kentucky and the house by the river when he was eleven years old. Growing up, he routinely heard stories of Daniel Boone. Beard so idolized Boone that the boy and his friends dubbed themselves the "Boone Scouts" and sought to emulate the frontiersman. These Boone Scouts would engage in several activities, including sneaking past sentries of the various Union Army camps in town during the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>Beard was preparing for the life of camping, hand crafts, and nature that he lived as an adult. Beard moved away when he went to college, and following graduation, moved to New York City. Beard&#39;s family left the house in 1878 to move to New York City to join Daniel.</p><br>
<p>Beard was last in Covington in 1934, when a parade was held in his honor. Scouts from Kentucky, Ohio, and West Virginia came to show their appreciation.</p><br>
<p>His boyhood home was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1966. William Booth Memorial Hospital owned the building at the time that it was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1966. They had been using it as a nursing school and dorm for the nursing students. The hospital is still located north of the Home. The home is now a private residence.</p><br>
<p>The Mabry–Hazen House is a historic home located on an 8 acre site at 1711 Dandridge Avenue in Knoxville, Tennessee, at the crest of Mabry&#39;s Hill. Also known as the Evelyn Hazen House or the Joseph Alexander Mabry Jr. House, when constructed in 1858 for Joseph Alexander Mabry II it was named Pine Hill Cottage. The house was in what was then the separate town of East Knoxville. Stylistically, the house exhibits both Italianate and Greek Revival elements. Additions in 1886 increased the size of the first floor. Having operated as a museum since the death of Evelyn Hazen, the house retains its original furniture and family collections, including antique china and crystal. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>At the outset of the American Civil War, Joseph Mabry II, a wealthy Knoxville merchant and importer, pledged $100,000.00 to outfit an entire regiment of Confederate soldiers. Because of this assistance to the cause, he was given the honorary title of General in the Confederate army. During the course of the war, both Union and Confederate forces occupied the strategic site of his house adjacent to Fort Hill. Confederate General Felix Zollicoffer set up his headquarters in the house in 1861, but it was Union forces who had the greatest impact when they fortified the grounds as part of their Knoxville defenses after later taking control of Knoxville.</p><br>
<p>After Mabry&#39;s death in 1882, his daughter Alice Evelyn Mabry and her husband Rush Strong Hazen resided in the house. Their youngest daughter, Evelyn Hazen, later occupied the house alone (except for many pet dogs and cats) for many years until her death in 1987. Her will stipulated that the house had either to become a museum or be razed to the ground. The house opened as a museum in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>Knoxvilles Confederate Cemetery, also known as Bethel Cemetery, located at 1917 Bethel Avenue, occupies 2.4 acres near the house, and is owned by the same museum foundation. It contains the graves of approximately 1,600 Confederate soldiers, 50-60 Union men (prisoners) and 20 veterans. The cemetery also contains a 48 ft high monument erected in 1892, consisting of a Tennessee marble obelisk topped by a Confederate soldier facing north. The cemetery property includes a frame caretakers house, built circa 1881, known as the Winstead Mansion.</p><br>
<h2>In literature</h2><br>
<p>Three generations of the occupants of the Mabry–Hazen House have been referenced in literary works. In Life on the Mississippi, Mark Twain wrote about the gunfight that killed the homes builder Joseph Mabry II, and his son, Joseph III (known as Joseph Jr.). Mabrys daughter married Rush Strong Hazen, a benefactor to Leonora Whitaker Wood, whose life was fictionalized in the novel, Christy. In 2007, author Jane Van Ryan published The Seduction of Miss Evelyn Hazen, a book chronicling the sensational lawsuit between Knoxville socialite Evelyn Hazen, granddaughter of General Mabry, and Ralph Scharringhaus, to whom she was once engaged.</p><br>
<p>The Weigel House, also known as the Monday House, is located at 2721 Asbury Road in Knoxville, Tennessee. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as "Monday House". The house was constructed in the late 19th century in the Queen Anne style. The house is privately owned and currently being remodeled for a Bed & Breakfast Inn.</p><br>
<p>The house was previously used as a residence by Steven and Karla Shell. Their children, Brandon, Summer, and Damon Morell lived with them from 1998 until 2001. The house was placed on the historical registry by Steven and Karla under the name Weigel/Shell Estate. Prior to their sale of the estate, it comprised the house, a large barn, a garden patio, a detached 2 car garage, and 3 outbuildings. During their ownership of this house, Steven and Karla completed a restoration of the home in which they remodeled the kitchen and main bathroom. This restoration reversed the remodeling project that had been undertaken by the previous owners sometime during the 1970s. In that project, the previous owners had laid carpet over the original hardwood floors and installed a drop ceiling in the kitchen, where they had also replaced all cabinetry.</p><br>
<p>The Peters House is a historic home located at 1319 Grainger Avenue in Knoxville, Tennessee. It is on the National Register of Historic Places. It is also known as White Columns or Columned Portals, as well as the George W. Peters House.</p><br>
<p>The oldest part of the home was built in the 1860s as a four-room house, typical of an East Tennessee farmhouse. Behind the house there was a walkway across First Creek that connected the home with the owners&#39; family business, the Peters & Bradley Mill, a grist mill.</p><br>
<p>A major addition and renovation was undertaken in the 1880s by William E. Peters, using an architectural design by local architect George Franklin Barber. The addition more than doubled the size of the building. Its design displays Victorian and Neoclassical influences. A prominent feature is a large two-story front porch with columns. Original drawings for the expansion are held by the McClung Historical Collection.</p><br>
<p>George Franklin Barber began publishing his homes in inexpensive, illustrated catalogs. He worked between 1887 and 1913, with a staff of approximately 50. Mr. Barber warned residents of the horrors of a house not designed by a trained architect, noting that Geo. F. Barber & Co. was "between you and a hideous monstrosity". Barber houses were primarily constructed in the United States, but were also found in other countries.</p><br>
<p>The Peters House is privately owned, and is not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>Statesview, or States View, is a historic house located on South Peters Road off Kingston Pike in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Built in the early 1800s by early Knoxville architect Thomas Hope and rebuilt in the early 1820s following a fire, Statesview was originally the home of surveyor Charles McClung . Following McClung&#39;s death, newspaper publisher Frederick Heiskell  purchased the house and estate, which he renamed "Fruit Hill." The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its architecture and political significance.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>Statesview is a simple, two-story Federal-style brick house, located on a wooded lot opposite the intersection of South Peters Road and George Williams Road. The house consists of a main section, a smaller (but still two stories) northeast wing, and a modern rear addition. The main section consists of a central entry hall flanked by rooms on either side, with a staircase leading to the second story. It is unknown how closely the current house, reconstructed following a fire in 1823, resembles the original house, or if it includes any part of the original.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Statesview was built for early Knoxville surveyor Charles McClung, a son-in-law of Knoxville founder James White. McClung drew up the original 1791 plat of Knoxville, and surveyed what is now Kingston Pike during the same period. Construction on Statesview, then located in an isolated area west of Knoxville, began around 1804, and was completed in 1806. To build the house, McClung hired Thomas Hope, an English-born architect and house joiner who had previously built the Ramsey House in east Knox County.</p><br>
<p>Following McClungs death in 1835, his heirs sold the house and estate to Frederick Heiskell. Heiskell had cofounded the Knoxville Register, the citys leading newspaper, in 1816. Prior to purchasing Statesview, however, he sold his interest in the paper and retired. Heiskell renamed the estate "Fruit Hill."</p><br>
<p>By the time Heiskell purchased Statesview, the estate consisted of 1,200 acre, and included a gristmill along nearby Sinking Creek (modern Ten Mile Creek) known as "Mansion Mill" (replaced circa 1870 by the current Ebenezer Mill), as well as a sawmill. Heiskell planted extensive orchards throughout the estate, where he grew apples, pears, peaches, cherries, plums, and quinces. He also raised horses, cattle, and hogs.</p><br>
<p>Around 1880, Heiskell, then in his early 90s, moved back to Knoxville. The ownership of Statesview passed to his stepson, James Fulkerson.</p><br>
<p>Westwood is an historic home located at 3425 Kingston Pike at the edge of the Sequoyah Hills area of Knoxville, Tennessee. Also known as the Adelia Armstrong Lutz House, the house was built in 1890 by John Lutz and his wife, artist Adelia Armstrong Lutz, on land given to them by Adelia&#39;s father, Robert H. Armstrong. In 1984, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its architecture.</p><br>
<p>The house stands on land that was once part of the large estate established by early Knoxville resident Drury P. Armstrong (1799&ndash;1856). Armstrong built Crescent Bend, which still stands nearby, in 1834. Robert H. Armstrong, a son of Drury, inherited a portion of his father&#39;s estate. The Bleak House, built by Robert in the 1850s, also still stands a few blocks from Westwood on Kingston Pike.</p><br>
<p>Westwood was designed in the Queen Anne style by the local architectural firm of Baumann Brothers. Unlike most Queen Anne houses extant in Knoxville, the house was executed in brick and stone, incorporating some Richardsonian Romanesque elements. The 5,000 ft2, 10-bedroom house has 10 fireplaces with custom mantels and decorative tiles. The front parlor features a hand-painted ceiling.</p><br>
<p>Adelia Armstrong Lutz was an accomplished painter who had studied at the Corcoran in Washington, D.C., the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and in Europe. She maintained an art studio in the house, in an unusual long room on the eastern side of the house that has a high ceiling, tall louvered windows, and skylights. Its hardwood floors are laid with alternating types of wood, creating a striped effect, and the walls are painted red.</p><br>
<p>Westwood remained in the Lutz family until 2009, when the Lutzes&#39; granddaughter died. In 2012, the house was purchased by the Aslan Foundation, which planned to restore the house and transfer it to the local historic preservation organization, Knox Heritage, for its offices. Restoration plans included removing a garage and a recreation room that was added in the 20th century, repainting in the style of the period, and updating the plumbing, HVAC, and electrical systems.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas J. Walker House was a historic home located at 645 Mars Hill Road in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>When it was listed on the National Register, it was one of the few brick homes from the early 19th century remaining in Knox County. It was originally nominated for the National Register as a representative of the area&#39;s early settlement and architecture. In the early 20th century the house was altered by the addition of a white columned portico, but it retained most of its original exterior appearance and interior details.</p><br>
<p>In 2002 the house burned, and the remains of the structure were demolished in 2003. The surrounding land was considered for redevelopment in March 2002 and was offered for sale in November 2007.</p><br>
<p>The James Park House is a historic house located at 422 West Cumberland Avenue in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. The house&#39;s foundation was built by Governor John Sevier in the 1790s, and the house itself was built by Knoxville merchant and mayor, James Park , in 1812, making it the second-oldest building in Downtown Knoxville after Blount Mansion. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and currently serves as the headquarters for the Gulf and Ohio Railways.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early history</h3><br>
<p>The James Park House sits on what was originally Lot 59 in Charles McClung&#39;s 1791 plat of Knoxville. Sevier purchased the lot and began construction of the brick foundation of the house in the 1790s, and completed a portion of the wall facing Cumberland Avenue.</p><br>
<p>In 1812, the lot with its unfinished house was purchased by James Park, a Scots-Irish merchant from County Donegal, Ireland, who had arrived in Knoxville in 1798. According to some historians, the original wing of Park&#39;s house was designed by Thomas Hope, an early Knoxville architect who also designed the Ramsey House and Statesview. Likely before 1820, Park added a second wing to the house, giving it its characteristic L-shape.</p><br>
<p>Park served as mayor of Knoxville from 1818 to 1821, and again from 1824 until 1826. Park and his wife, Sophia Moody, had 12 children, some of whom were born in the Park House. President Andrew Jackson stayed at the Park House on a visit to Knoxville in 1830.</p><br>
<h3>Reverend James Park</h3><br>
<p>Parks eleventh child, also named James Park, was born in the Park House in 1822. The younger James Park graduated from East Tennessee College in 1840 and from Princeton Theological Seminary in 1846, after which he was licensed as a Presbyterian preacher. He briefly served as co-principal of the East Tennessee Female Institute before moving to Rogersville in the 1850s to preach at that citys First Presbyterian Church. He returned to Knoxville in 1860 to accept a position as principal of the Tennessee School for the Deaf (then located in what is now Old City Hall).</p><br>
<p>During the Civil War, Park moved to his country home in Cedar Springs (in what is now West Knoxville). Park later recalled that Longstreet had an inaccurate map that showed the confluence of the French Broad and Holston rivers to be below Knoxville, and refused to believe Park when he pointed out that the confluence was actually upriver from Knoxville.</p><br>
<p>After the war, Park was appointed preacher of Knoxvilles First Presbyterian Church, and he moved into the James Park House, where he would live for most of the remainder of his life. An 1871 map of Knoxville shows the house surrounded by a grove of trees and a few outbuildings, with the St. Johns Episcopal Church (predecessor of St. Johns Cathedral) across Cumberland to the north. An 1886 map, on the other hand, shows the house surrounded by the church and numerous smaller houses, reflecting Knoxvilles rapid post-war growth.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>After Park&#39;s death in 1912, his house was sold and converted into office space. The house was used as a Red Cross workshop during World War I, and served as a medical clinic in the years following the war. In 1945, the Knoxville Academy of Medicine, headed by prominent physician Herbert Acuff (who was also instrumental in constructing the nearby Medical Arts Building), purchased and renovated the house. The Academy used the house for several decades before relocating to West Knoxville.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, Gulf and Ohio Railroads CEO Pete Claussen and his wife, Linda, purchased the house for use as the Gulf and Ohios headquarters. Working with architect Lee Ingram of the firm, Brewer Ingram Fuller, the Claussens removed several modern elements and restored the house to its 19th-century appearance. These changes included the removal of a 1968 rear medical auxiliary and auditorium, and the restoration of the houses Victorian-era porch. The renovations were largely completed in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The James Park House is a two-and-a-half story L-shaped house with a modern service wing located at the rear. Claussens restorations, guided in part by old photographs and architectural research, included the re-addition of a picket fence surrounding the property, reconstruction of the houses Victorian-style front porch, rebuilding of the front stairs, and the reshaping of the chimneys. An arched fireplace in the basement, the design of which is nearly identical to a fireplace in the nearby Craighead-Jackson House, was also restored.</p><br>
<p>The floors of the modern addition to the house have been painted with various historical maps of Knoxville. One of the house&#39;s restrooms contains a ceiling-to-floor safe. Another restroom is modeled after the restroom of the Red Sage restaurant in Washington, D.C. A windowpane in the house contains the name "Sallie," which was probably etched by a daughter of the Reverend James Park.</p><br>
<p>Jiehkkevárri  is a mountain on the border of the municipalities of Lyngen and Tromsø in Troms county, Norway. It is the highest mountain in Troms county and has the second highest prominence  among Norwegian mountains. The 1,834 m tall mountain sits about 10 km northeast of the village of Lakselvbukt and about 17 km southwest of Lyngseidet.</p><br>
<p>The first people known to have climbed it were Geoffrey Hastings (British) and Elias Hogrenning (Norwegian) in 1899. Its summit is ice-capped and any ascent involves a crossing of crevassed glaciers. Therefore, climbing it needs guiding by experienced mountaineers.</p><br>
<p>In winter, an experienced ski-mountaineer can traverse Jiehkkevárri in one long day, descending almost from the top via the steep, North-East facing couloir, described by the late Andreas Fransson as "a future classic for the new generation of mountain skiers". The descent route is exposed to serac fall from above, and is generally not recommended for ascending.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The name is a compound of the Sami language words jiehkki which means "glacier" and várri which means "mountain".</p><br>
<p>The Savage House and Garden is a historic home and garden at 3237 Garden Drive in the Fountain City community of Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Built around 1917 and designed in the Bungalow/Craftsman style, the house and its garden are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Arthur Savage (1872&ndash;1946), an immigrant from Leamington Spa, England, designed the house and garden during World War I. Along with his older brother, W. L. Savage, Arthur Savage made a small fortune in the early 1900s by manufacturing industrial equipment. Savage was president of the Ty-Sa-Man company, once located in what is now the World&#39;s Fair Park, which specialized in the manufacturing of marble-cutting equipment.</p><br>
<p>Savage loved rock gardens, and established several in East Tennessee, including one in Lake City, along with the one in Fountain City. The Fountain City garden was inspired by Japanese garden designs, which had become popular through the early twentieth century Art Nouveau movement. Work on the garden began around 1917, and was completed sometime during following decade.</p><br>
<p>In 1937, the Savage Garden was damaged by a tornado, and remained in a state of disrepair for several years. In 1986, the Savage family sold the garden to Bill Dohm and Patty Cooper. Dohm and Cooper have since renovated the garden and restored its fountain. Plant species found in the garden include Japanese Umbrella Pine, Chinese Pistache, Jack-in-the-Pulpit, and Dwarf Crested Iris.</p><br>
<p>Marble Springs, also known as the Gov. John Sevier Home, is a state historic site in south Knox County, Tennessee, in the southeastern United States. The site was the home of John Sevier —a Revolutionary War and frontier militia commander and later the first governor of Tennessee—from 1790 until his death in 1815. A cabin at the site was once believed to have been Seviers cabin, although recent dendrochronological analyses place the cabins construction date in the 1830s, well after Sevier had died.</p><br>
<p>Along with the "Sevier" cabin, several out-buildings have been moved from elsewhere in East Tennessee and several have been reconstructed to simulate a typical pioneer farm from Sevier&#39;s time. The 35.4 acre site also includes a pavilion and an outdoor stage. The site is managed for the Tennessee Historical Commission by the Governor John Sevier Memorial Association.</p><br>
<h2>Geographical setting</h2><br>
<p>Marble Springs is situated in a valley between a low ridge known as Brown Mountain to the north and the hills that comprise the southwest flank of Bays Mountain to the south. These two mountains are part of the Appalachian Ridge-and-Valley Physiographic Province. The area is drained by Stock Creek, which empties into the Fort Loudoun Lake impoundment of the Tennessee River roughly 10 mi to the west.</p><br>
<p>The Marble Springs site is located just off Tennessee State Route 168 (Governor John Sevier Highway), which connects USA Route 129 (Alcoa Highway) to the west with USA Route 441 (Chapman Highway) to the east. The site is entirely within Knox County, although the Blount County line is just over 5 mi to the southwest and the Sevier County line is just over 5 mi to the southeast.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John Sevier arrived in Tennessee from his native Virginia in the early 1770s. He quickly earned a reputation as a competent frontier militia commander, helping the American cause at the Battle of Kings Mountain (1780) and defeating the Cherokee at the Battle of Boyds Creek (also in 1780). Sevier served as the only governor of the short-lived State of Franklin (1785–1788) and later as governor of Tennessee for six terms, 1796–1801 and 1803–1809. Sevier served as a state senator from 1809–1811 and as a USA Congressman from 1811 until his death.</p><br>
<p>Sevier officially obtained the Marble Springs area in 1796, although he was living there as early as 1790 (the site was within a days&#39; journey of Knoxville, which at the time served as capital of the Southwest Territory). He named it after springs on the property that flowed continuously throughout the year. Structures on the farm included a springhouse, corn crib, smokehouse, and several other cabins.</p><br>
<p>Seviers children sold Marble Springs to an attorney named James Dardis in 1818. Dardis leased the property to the family of George Kirby, who was living at Marble Springs in 1840. Kirby purchased the property from the Dardis family when Dardis died in 1847. In 1941, the state of Tennessee appropriated funds to purchase and restore Marble Springs. The Tennessee Historical Commission and the John Sevier Memorial Commission oversaw the sites restoration.</p><br>
<h3>Dendrochronological research</h3><br>
<p>In April 2007, the University of Tennessee conducted a dendrochronological analysis of logs in both the Sevier cabin and the Walker cabin. Researchers determined that the oldest logs in the Sevier cabin were harvested around 1835, placing its construction date well after the death of Sevier. The cabin&#39;s likely builder was George Kirby, who lived as a tenant at Marble Springs during this period.</p><br>
<h2>Historical structures at Marble Springs</h2><br>
<p>Along with Seviers cabin, several outbuildings have been added to Marble Springs to give visitors an idea of life on an 18th-century Tennessee Valley farm. In Seviers time, numerous barns, smokehouses, and other buildings would have been scattered across the 375 acre tract.</p><br>
<p>1. The John Sevier Cabin, built around 1835. It is the only structure original to the site. The cabin&#39;s dog-trot kitchen—a common sight on pioneer cabins in the region—was a later addition. The cabin currently contains several artifacts donated by the Sevier family.</p><br>
<p>2. The Walker Cabin, built around 1828. This building was moved intact from a farm just off Walker Springs Road in Knox County. The Walker cabin is used by the site to represent a frontier tavern. The cabin&#39;s construction date was confirmed by dendrochronological analyses of its logs in 2007.</p><br>
<p>3. The McCall Smokehouse, built ca. 1850. This building was donated by the McCall family, whose farm lay a few miles south of Marble Springs.</p><br>
<p>4. The Loom House, built in 1970. This building was constructed from logs taken from an old log building on the McCall farm, and contains looms and wheels for spinning both wool and flax.</p><br>
<p>Other buildings include a springhouse, a corn crib and several work areas.</p><br>
<p>The Alexander McMillan House is a historic home located at 7703 Strawberry Plains Pike in Knox County, Tennessee, United States. It was constructed in 1785 by Alexander McMillan , an early Knox County pioneer.</p><br>
<p>Alexander McMillan arrived in Knox County in 1783 and purchased one of the original land grants that the state of North Carolina had authorized in the Land "Grab" Act of 1783, under which the state&#39;s western lands were offered for sale at a price of ten pounds for 100 acre. He built the house in 1785. An addition was made on its front side in 1810 and a third room was added in 1860. The home was owned by his descendants until the middle of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Blount Mansion, also known as William Blount Mansion, located at 200 West Hill Avenue in downtown Knoxville, Tennessee, was the home of the only territorial governor of the Southwest Territory, William Blount . Blount, also a signer of the United States Constitution and a USA Senator from Tennessee, lived on the property with his family and ten African-American slaves. The mansion served as the de facto capitol of the Southwest Territory. In 1796, much of the Tennessee Constitution was drafted, in Governor Blount&#39;s office at the mansion. Tennessee state historian John Trotwood Moore once called Blount Mansion "the most important historical spot in Tennessee."</p><br>
<p>The house is a wood-frame home sheathed in wood siding, built with materials brought from North Carolina in an era when most homes in Tennessee were log cabins. The two-story central portion of the home is the oldest section. The one-story west wing is believed to have been constructed next; archaeologists suspect the west wing was originally an outbuilding, which was then moved and attached to the main house, and there is some evidence the west wing was originally the servants quarters. The one-story east wing was the final section to be constructed, perhaps as late as 1820. Blounts office, from which he governed and conducted his business affairs, was built along with the house and is a one-story, free-standing building and had a modest front porch.</p><br>
<p>By 1925, the house had deteriorated, and a local developer, B.H. Sprankle, intended to demolish it and replace it with a parking lot to serve the new Andrew Johnson Hotel, then under construction. The Blount Mansion Association was chartered the following year, and after a massive publicity campaign by Mary Boyce Temple and the Bonnie Kate Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution and the East Tennessee Historical Society, the Association raised enough money to purchase the house in 1930. The Blount Mansion Association has since maintained the house as a museum, and has made numerous renovations to restore the house and property to its late 18th-century appearance. In the 1960s, the mansion was designated a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Blount Mansion occupies a lot in downtown Knoxville situated along Hill Avenue between Hills intersection with Gay Street on the west and Hills intersection with State Street on the east. The area rests atop an embankment overlooking the Volunteer Landing riverfront along the Tennessee River to the south. The Craighead-Jackson House, also managed by the Blount Mansion Association, is located across State Street to the east.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The United States created the Territory South of the Ohio River, usually called the "Southwest Territory", in 1790. President George Washington appointed North Carolina businessman and land speculator William Blount as the territorys first governor. Blount initially governed from Rocky Mount (in the Tri-Cities area), but began searching for a permanent capital for the territory. After Blount selected Whites Fort for the site of the capital, James White, the owner of the fort and adjacent lands, and his son-in-law Charles McClung drew up a grid of 64 half-acre lots that would eventually become the city of Knoxville, and in 1791 held a lottery for parties interested in purchasing a lot. Lot 18, the future site of Blount Mansion, was originally sold to John Carter. Blount purchased the lot from Carter in 1794, although it&#39;s believed they had a verbal agreement for sale of the lot much earlier, and thus construction of Blount Mansion began sometime around March 1792 when Blount relocated to Knoxville.</p><br>
<p>While the mansion was being built, the Blount family may have lived in a cabin atop Barbara Hill, now known as "The Hill" by University of Tennessee students. Blounts reasons for building an elaborate frame house on the frontier were twofold. First, the house would act as a capitol of the Southwest Territory, and thus would need to command the respect of visiting delegations. Second, Blount wanted to fulfill a promise he made to his wife, Mary Grainger Blount, to build a home comparable to their lavish North Carolina home. The first phase of construction was completed between 1795 and 1796, although work continued until well into the 19th century. The detached kitchen was likely completed in subsequent years. Blounts friend John Chisholm built Chisholm Tavern facing State Street along the south side of the lot in 1792. Andrew Jackson and John Sevier were frequent visitors to the mansion, and early guests included botanist André Michaux and various Cherokee and Chickasaw chiefs.</p><br>
<p>Blount transferred ownership of the mansion to his younger half-brother Willie Blount in 1797. Willie Blount deeded the mansion to Blount&#39;s son William Grainger Blount in 1818. The Blount family sold the mansion to the McClung family in 1825, and in 1845 Knoxville mayor Samuel B. Boyd had obtained ownership of the property. The Boyd family maintained ownership of the mansion until the early 20th century, renting it out to various private and commercial interests. The Boyds also made several additions to the mansion, including a large Victorian-style porch.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration and preservation</h3><br>
<p>By 1925, Blount Mansion had badly deteriorated. Local developer B.H. Sprankle made plans to level the site and demolish the mansion and outbuildings to make room for a parking lot for the Andrew Johnson Hotel. In response, Mary Boyce Temple of the Bonnie Kate Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution purchased an option on the property, and the following year the Blount Mansion Association was chartered. By 1930, with the help of the DAR, the East Tennessee Historical Society, and the University of Tennessee, the BMA had raised enough money&mdash; just over $31,000&mdash; to purchase the mansion. The Association immediately initiated efforts to restore the house to its 18th-century condition, removing the Victorian additions and adding period furniture. In 1935 the Knoxville Garden Club assumed the maintenance of the grounds around the mansion.</p><br>
<p>In 1955, the BMA received a grant from the Tennessee Historical Commission that allowed them to restore Blounts office. The kitchen was rebuilt in 1960 after archaeologists discovered its original foundation. That same year, the discovery of a "vault" in the rear of the house reignited old rumors about an early escape tunnel that supposedly passed under the Tennessee River, but an investigation by the National Park Service determined the "vault" to be a cooling room used for storage of wine and perishable foods. In subsequent years, paint analysis on the exterior and interior walls determined the walls original color, and the walls were repainted accordingly. Archaeological excavations in 1973 and 1984 uncovered other outbuilding foundations and an assemblage of late 18th-century artifacts.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>Blount Mansion is a frame and clapboard structure consisting of a two-story central block and one-story wings on the east and west ends. The first floor of the main structure contains a parlor, dining room and hallway with a quarter-turn staircase. The second story contains two bedrooms. The west wing contains a single bedroom. The east wing contains a drawing room, and has a basement accessible by stairs and a trap door. Chimneys are located on the east end of the main block and at the outside ends of both wings. The frame was probably built using locally cut timber, but the houses finished woodwork, paneling, flooring and weatherboarding materials were shipped from North Carolina.</p><br>
<p>Blounts office, often referred to as the Governors Office, stands behind the west wing of the mansion. The office is a one-story frame-and-clapboard structure with a brick chimney on its south side, and a pair of sash windows with louvered blinds along the east and west walls. The interior includes wide-board paneling and a carved mantel.</p><br>
<p>The mansion&#39;s kitchen had originally been a detached structure located behind the east wing. At an unknown date, this kitchen was dismantled and its materials used to construct an attached rear-wing kitchen. In 1958, archaeologists discovered the foundation of the original kitchen. The rear-wing kitchen was then dismantled and used to rebuild the detached kitchen on its original foundation behind the east wing. The kitchen has a design similar to the office.</p><br>
<p>The UTK Agriculture Farm Mound site is an archaeological site on the agriculture campus of the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tennessee. The site is a burial mound made by people of the Woodland period, and has been dated as early as ca. 644 AD.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The site is located at the Agricultural Campus at the corner of Joe Johnson Drive and Chapman Drive. In 2011, a garden was built around the site to protect it from “construction damage” and attract interest and attention to the mound. The design of the garden was developed by Hendrik van de Werken and Don Williams, professors of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Design at UT, and was revised by Sam Rogers, who is an associate professor in the Department of Plant Sciences. Project directors enlisted the help of the Eastern Cherokee tribe and Tribal Historic Preservation. Principal Chief Michell Hicks attended the ribbon-cutting ceremony, and elder Mertyl Driver blessed the site.</p><br>
<p>According to the UT Institute of Agriculture, “The goal of the project is to honor the Native American tradition dating back to 644 A.D. when the Woodland People used burial mounds as a way of burying and honoring their deceased.” The mound is considered a valuable piece of the UT Gardens.</p><br>
<p>Crescent Bend is a historic home at 2728 Kingston Pike in Knoxville, Tennessee. The building is known as Crescent Bend because of its location on a bend of the Tennessee River. It is also known as the Armstrong-Lockett House, Longview and Logueval.</p><br>
<p>Crescent Bend was built in 1834 by Drury Paine Armstrong (1799&ndash;1856), a farmer, merchant and public official who estimated that the house had cost him $5,517. The house was once the centerpiece of a 600 acre farm. This is one of three early homes built by the Armstrong family on Kingston Pike, the others being Bleak House, built by Drurys son, Robert H. Armstrong, and Westwood, built by Drurys granddaughter, Adelia Armstrong Lutz (1859&ndash;1931). It was later purchased by Percy Lockett. It was also Confederate General Joseph B. Kershaw&#39;s headquarters during the Siege of Knoxville.</p><br>
<p>It is a contributing property to the Kingston Pike Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The home is a traditional brick farmhouse. The home&#39;s contents include 18th-century English and American furniture, decorative arts and silver. The property includes formal Italian gardens with nine terraces and five fountains. The house and gardens are open to the public.</p><br>
